Zusammenfassung
Obwohl die organspezifischen Leistungen der Leber (Sekretion, Exkretion, Intermediärstoffwechsel, Biotransformation) vorrangig von den parenchymatösen Zellen, den Hepatozyten und den Gangepithelien erbracht werden, sind die mesenchymalen Bestandteile — das Bindegewebe im weitesten Sinne — unabdingbar nicht nur hinsichtlich ihrer Funktion als Organ und Gewebegerüst, sondern auch für die Aufrechterhaltung von Bedingungen, die für die Funktion der Hepatozyten erforderlich sind. Diese funktionelle Abhängigkeit des Parenchyms vom Mesenchym wird anschaulich belegt durch die Tatsache, daß die Zugabe von Komponenten der extrazellulären Matrix Struktur und Funktion von Hepatozyten in vitro wesentlich verbessert (Rojkind et al. 1980; Reid u. Jefferson 1984; Bissel et al. 1987). Die engen Wechselwirkungen zwischen Leberparenchym und -mesenchym kommen aber vor allem darin zum Ausdruck, daß letzteres unter den meisten krankhaften Bedingungen zu Reaktionen veranlaßt wird, die eine Nettozunahme des Bindegewebsanteiles bewirken. Solange die Läppchen- bzw. Azinusstruktur dabei erhalten bleibt, es also nicht zum zirrhotischen Umbau kommt, bezeichnet man diesen Zustand ungeachtet der genaueren topographischen Verhältnisse als Fibrose, und die Vorgänge, die dazu führen als Fibrogenese. Obwohl dies in aller Regel auch mit einer Vermehrung von Zellen des Bindegewebes einhergeht, ist die Vermehrung extra-zellulären Materials das hauptsächliche Kriterium einer Fibrosedefinition.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Literatur
Abdel-Aziz G, Lebeau G, Rescan P et al. (1990) Reversibility of hepatic fibrosis in experimentally induced cholestasis in rat. Am J Pathol 137:1333–1342
Adams PC, Powell LW (1987) Porphyria cutanea tarda and HLA-linked hemochromatosis — all in the family? Gastroenterology 92:2033–2035
Aikat BK, Bhusnurmath SR, Chhuttani PN, Mitra SK, Dutta VD (1979) The pathology of noncirrhotic portal fibrosis. Hum Pathol 10:405–418
Akagi G, Furuya K, Kanamura A, Chihara T, Otsuka H (1984) Liver cell dysplasia and hepatitis B surface antigen in liver cirrhotis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer 54:315–318
Altmann HW (1980) Die granulomatösen Reaktionen der Leber. Verh Dtsch Ges Pathol 64: 152–176
Altmann HW (1990) Onkozytare Hepatozyten. Pathologe 11:137–142
Altmann HW, Klinge O (1986) Leber. In: Grundmann E (Hrsg) Spezielle Pathologie. Urban & Schwarzenberg, Berlin München Wien, 233–317
An C, Petrovic LM, Reyter I, Tolmachoff T, Ferrell L, Thung S et al. (1997) The application of image analysis and neural network technology to the study of large-cell liver-cell dysplasis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology 26:1224–1231
Andrade ZA, Peixoto E, Guerret S, Grimaud J-A (1992) Hepatic connective tissue changes in hepatosplenic schistosomiasis. Hum Pathol 23:566–573
Anthony PP, Vogel CL, Barker LF (1973) Liver cell dysplasia: a premalignant condition. J Clin Pathol 26:217–233
Anthony P, Ishak KG, Nayak NC, Poulsen HE, Scheuer PJ (1978) The morphology of cirrhosis. Recommendations on definition, nomenclature, and classification by a working group sponsored by the World Health Organization. J Clin Pathol 31:395–414
Armbrust T, Batusic D, Ringe B, Ramadori G (1997) Mast cells distribution in human liver disease and experimental rat liver fibrosis. Indications for mast cell participation in development of liver fibrosis. J Hepatology 26:1042–1054
Armendariz-Borunda J, Katai H, Jones CM, Seyer JM, Kang AH, Raghow R (1993) Transforming growth factor β gene expression is transiently enhanced at a critical stage during liver regeneration after CCL4 treatment. Lab Invest 69:283–294
Arthur MJP (1994) Degradation of matrix proteins in liver fibrosis. Pathol Res Pract 190: 825–833
Aterman K (1986) The parasinusoidal cells of the liver: a historical account. Histochem J 18:279–305
Bachem MG, Sell K-M, Melchior R, Kropf J, Eller T, Gressner AM (1993) Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFa) and transforming growth factor b1 (TGFb1) stimulate fibronectin synthesis and the transdifferentiation of fat-storing cells in the rat liver into myofibroblasts. Virchows Archiv B Cell Pathol 63:123–130
Bacon BR, Farahvash MJ, Janney CG (1994) Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: an expanded clinical entity. Gastroenterology 107:1103–1109
Ballardini G, Fallani M, Biagini G, Bianchi FB, Pisi E (1988) Desmin and actin in the identification of Ito cells and in monitoring their evolution to myofibroblasts in experimental liver fibrosis. Virchows Archiv B Cell Pathol 56:45–49
Ballardini G, Groff P, Badiali de Giorgi L, Schuppan D, Bianchi FB (1994) Ito cell heterogeneity: desmin-negative Ito cells in normal rat liver. Hepatology 19:440–446
Bannayan GA, Dean WJ, Howell RR (1976) Type IV glycogen storage disease. Light-microscopic, electron microscopic, and enzymatic study. Am J Clin Pathol 66:702–709
Barbosa de Almeida A, Pfeifer U, Andrade ZA (1993) Role of fatstoring cells in schistosomal hepatic fibrosis of mice. Virchows Archiv B Cell Pathol 64:91–96
Barnett JL, Appelman HD, Moseley RH (1992) A familial form of incomplete septal cirrhosis. Gastroenterology 102:674–678
Bartók I, Remenar E, Toth J, Duschanek P, Kanyar B (1981) Clinicopathological studies of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in a general hospital. Hum Pathology 12:794–803
Bedossa P, Lemaigre G, Paraf B, Martin E (1990) Deposition and remodelling of elastic fibers in chronic hepatitis. Virchows Archiv A Pathol Anat 417:159–162
Benyon RC, Iredale JP, Goddard S, Winwood PJ, Arthur MJP (1996) Expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 and 2 is increased in fibrotic human liver. Gastroenterology 110:821–831
Berresford PA, Sunter JP, Harrison V, Lesna M (1980) Histological demonstration and frequency of intrahepatic copper in patients suffering from alcoholic liver disease. Histopathol 4:637–643
Bhunchet E, Fujieda K (1993) Capillarization and venularization of hepatic sinusoids in porcine serum-induced rat liver fibrosis: a mechanism to maintain liver blood flow. Hepatology 18:1450–1458
Bhunchet E, Wake K (1992) Role of mesenchymal cell populations in porcine serum-induced rat liver fibrosis. Hepatology 16:1452–1473
Bhusnurmath SR, Walia B, Singh S, Parkash D, Radotra BD, Nath R (1991) Sequential histopathologic alterations in indian childhood cirrhosis treated with d-penicillamine. Hum Pathol 22:653–658
Bierhoff E, Fischer HP, Willsch E, Rockstroh J, Spengler U, Brackmann HH, Oldenburg J (1997) Liver histopathology in patients with concurrent chronic hepatitis C and HIV infection. Virchows Arch 430:271–277
Bissel DM, Arenson DM, Maher JJ, Roll FJ (1987) Support of cultured hepatocytes by a lamininrich gel. Evidence for a functionally significant subendothelial matrix in normal rat liver. J Clin Invest 79:801–812
Borzio M, Bruno S, Roncalli M, Mels GC, Ramella G, Borzio F et al. (1995) Liver cell dysplasia is a major risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhosis: a prospective study. Gastroenterology 108:812–817
Bruguera M, Bertran A, Bombi JA, Rodes J (1977) Giant mitochondria in hepatocytes: a diagnostic hint for alcoholic liver disease. Gastroenterology 73:1383–1387
Burt AD, MacSween RN (1986) Hepatic vein lesions in alcoholic liver disease: retrospective biopsy and necropsy study. J Clin Pathol 9:63–67
Callea F, Brisigotti M, Fabbretti G, Bonino F, Desmet VJ (1992) Hepatic endoplasmic reticulum storage diseases. Liver 12:357–362
Carthew P, Edwards RE, Smith AG, Dorman B, Francis JE (1991) Rapid induction of hepatic fibrosis in the gerbil after the parenteral administration of iron-dextran complex. Hepatology 13:534–539
Casini A, Cunningham M, Rojkind M, Lieber C (1991) Acetaldehyde increases procollagen type I and fibronectin gene transcription in cultured rat fat-storing cells through a protein synthesis-dependent mechanism. Hepatology 13:758–765
Casini A, Galli G, Salzano R, Rotella CM, Surrenti C (1993) Acetaldehyde-protein adducts, but not lactate and pyruvate, stimulate gene transcription of collagen and fibronectin in hepatic fat-storing cells. J Hepatol 19:385–392
Caulet Y, Fabre M, Schoevaert D, Lesty C, Meduri G, Martin E (1990) Quantitative study of centrolobular hepatic fibrosis in alcoholic disease before cirrhosis. Virchows Archiv Pathol Anat 416:11–17
Cervon-Ambriz J, Cerbon J, Gonzalez E, Rojkind M (1987) Lactate and pyruvate increase the incorporation of 3H-proline into collagen 3H-hydroxyproline in liver slices of CC14 cirrhotic rats. Lab Invest 57:392–396
Chen TJ, Liaw YF (1988) The prognostic significance of bridging hepatic necrosis in chronic type B hepatitis: a histopathologic study. Liver 8:10–16
Chevallier M, Guerret S, Chossegros P, Gerad F, Grimaud JA (1994) A histological semiquantitative system for evaluation of hepatic fibrosis in neddle liver biopsy specimens: comparison with morphometric studies. Hepatology 20:349–355
Cohen C, Berson SD (1986) Liver cell dysplasia in normal, cirrhotic, and hepatocellular carcinoma patients. Cancer 57:1535–1538
Couvelard A, Scoazec JY, Feldmann G (1993) Expression of cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion proteins by sinusoidal endothelial cells in the normal and cirrhotic Human Liver. Am J Pathol 143:738–752
Crowley JJ, Sharp HL, Freier E, Ishak KG, Schow P (1987) Fatal liver disease associated with α-antitrypsin deficiency PiM1/PiMduarte. Gastroenterology 93:242–244
Davies SE, William SR, Portmann B (1989) Hepatic morphology and histochemistry of Wilson’s disease as fulminant hepatic failure: a study of 11 cases. Histopathology 15:385–394
Davies SE, Portmann BC, O’Grady JG (1991) Hepatic histological findings after liver transplantation for chronic hepatitis B virus infection, including a unique pattern of fibrosing cholestatic hepatitis. Hepatology 13:150–157
Day CP (1996) Is necroinflammation a prerequisite for fibrogenesis? Hepato-Gastroenterology 43:104–120
Degott C, Dapron JP, Bettan L (1985) Myeloid metaplasia, perisinusoidal fibrosis, and nodular regenerative hyperplasia of the liver. Liver 5:276–281
Dehner LP, Snover DC, Sharp HL, Ascher N, Nakhleh R, Day DL (1989) Hereditary tyrosinemia type I (chronic form): pathologic findings in the liver. Human Pathol 20:149–158
Delhaye M, Louis H, Degraff C, Le Moine O, Deviére J, Gulbis B et al. (1996) Relationship between heptocyte proliferative activity and liver functional reserve in human cirrhosis. Hepatology 23:1003–1011
Desmet VJ (1992) Congenital diseases of intrahepatic bile ducts: variations on the theme “ductal plate malformation”. Hepatology 16:1069–1083
Desmet VJ, Gerberg M, Hoofnagle HH, Manns M, Scheuer PJ (1994) Classification of chronic hepatitis diagnosis, grading and staging. Hepatology 19:1513–1520
Desmouliére A, Darby I, Monte Alto Costa A, Raccurt M, Tuchweber B, Sommer P, Gabbiani G (1997) Extracellular matrix deposition, lysyl oxidase expression, and myofibroblastic differentiation during the initial stages of cholestatic fibrosis in the rat. Lab Invest 76: 765–778
Deugnier YM, Charalambous P, Le Quilieuc D, Turlin B, Searle J, Brissot P et al. (1993) Preneoplastic significance of hepatic iron-free foci in genetic hemochromatosis: a study of 185 patients. Hepatology 18:1363–1369
Dhillon AP, Burroughs AK, Hudson M, Shah N, Rolles K, Scheuer PJ (1994) Hepatic venular stenosis after orthotopic liver transplantation. Hepatology 19:106–111
Diehl AM, Goodman Z, Ishak KG (1988) Alcohollike liver disease in nonalcoholics. A clinical and histologic comparison with Alcohol-induced liver injury. Gastroenterology 95:1056–1062
Dinges HP, Zatloukal K, Denk H, Smolle J, Mair S (1992) Parenchyma to stroma relationship in fibrosis and cirrhosis as revealed by three-dimensional reconstruction and immunohistochemistry. Am J Pathol 141:69–83
Dobbs BR, Rogers GET, Xing HY, Fraser R (1994) Endotoxin-induced defenestration of the hepatic sinusoidal endothelium: a factor in the pathogenesis of cirrhosis? Liver 14:320–233
Emile JF, Sebagh M, Feray C, David F, Reynes M (1993) The presence of epithelioid granulomas in hepatitis C virus-related cirrhosis. Hum Pathol 24:1095–1097
Enzan H, Himeno H, Iwamura S et al. (1994) Immunohistochemical identification of Ito cells and their myofibroblastic transformation in adult human liver. Virchows Arch 424:249–256
Enzan H, Himeno H, Iwamura S et al. (1995) Sequential changes in human Ito cells and their relation to postnecrotic liver fibrosis in massive and submassive hepatic necrosis. Virchows Arch 426:95–101
Fajardo LF, Colby TV (1980) Pathogenesis of veno-occlusive liver disease after radiation. Arch Pathol Lab Med 104:584–588
Fischer HP (1985) Therapieinduzierte Tumorregression. Morphologische Befunde an malignen primaren and sekundaren Lebertumoren nach hochdosierter regionaler Zytostase. Pathologe 6:16–23
Fischer HP, Meybehm M, Zhou H, Schock J (1995) Hepatische Neoductuli. Verh Dtsch Ges Pathol 79:36–46
Fraser R, Dobbs B, Rogers G (1995) Lipoproteins and the liver sieve: the role of the fenestrated sinusoidal endothelium in lipoprotein metabolism, atherosclerosis, and cirrhosis. Hepatology 21:863–874
French SW, Miyamoto K, Wong K, Jui L, Briere L (1988) Role of the Ito cell in liver parenchymal fibrosis in rats fed alcohol and high fat-low protein diet. Am J Pathol 132:73–85
Friedman SL, Arthur MJP (1989) Activation of cultured rat hepatic lipocytes by Kupffer cell condition medium. Direct enhancement of matrix synthesis and stimulation of cell proliferation by induction of platelet derived growth factor receptors. J Clin Invest 84: 1780–1785
Friedman SL, Roll FJ, Boyles J, Bissell DM (1985) Hepatic lipocytes: the principal collagenproducing cells of normal rat liver. Proc Natl Acad Sci (USA) 82:8681–8685
Gall EA (1960) Primary and metastatic carcinoma in the liver. Arch Pathol 70:226–232
Gall JAM, Bhathal PS (1990) Origin and involution of hyperplastic bile ductules following total biliary obstruction. Liver 10:106–115
Ganne-Carrie N, Chastang C, Chapel F, Munz C, Pateron D, Sibony M et al. (1996) Predictive Score for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma and additional value of liver large cell dysplasia in western patients with cirrhosis. Hepatology 23:1112–1118
Gaudio E, Pannarale L, Onori P, Riggio O (1993) A scanning electron miscroscopic study of liver microcirculation disarrangement in experimental rat cirrhosis. Hepatology 17:477–485
Geerts A, De Bleser P, Hautekeete ML, Niki T, Wisse E (1994) Fat-storing (Ito) cell biology. In: Arias IM, Boyer JL, Fausto N, Jakoby WB, Schachter DA, Shafritz DA (eds) The liver: biology and pathobiology 3rd edn. Raven Press, New York, pp 819–838
George DK, Goldwurm S, MacDonald GA, Cowley LL, Walker NI, Ward PJ et al. (1998) Increased hepatic iron concentration in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis is associated with increased fibrosis. Gastroenterology 114:311–318
Gerber MA (1992) Chronic hepatitis C. The beginning of the end of a time honored nomenclature. Hepatology 15:733–734
Gerber MA, Thung SN (1981) Hepatic oncocytes. Incidence, staining characteristics, and ultrastructural features. Am J Clin Pathol 75:498–503
Gerber MA, Orr W, Denk H, Schaffner F, Popper H (1973) Hepatocellular hyalin in cholestasis and cirrhosis: ist diagnostic significance. Gastroenterology 64:89–98
Goldfischer S, Sternlieb I (1968) Changes in the distribution of hepatic copper in relation to the progression of Wilson’s disease (hepatolenticular degeneration). Am J Pathol 53:883–901
Goodman ZD, Ishak KG (1982) Occlusive venous lesions in alcoholic liver disease. A study of 200 cases. Gastroenterology 83:786–796
Gressner AM, Chunfang G (1995) A cascade-mechanism of fat storing cell activation forms the basis of the fibrogenic reaction of the liver. Verh Dtsch Ges Pathol 79:1–14
Gressner A, Lotfi S, Gressner G, Lahme B (1992) Identification and partial characterization of a hepatocyte-derived factor promoting proliferation of cultured fat-storing cells (parasinusoidal lipocytes). Hepatology 16:1250–1266
Gressner A, Lahme B, Brenzel A (1995) Molecular dissection of the mitogenic effect of hepatocytes on cultured hepatic stellate cells. Hepatology 22:1507–1518
Guido M, Rugge M, Leandro G, Fiel IM, Thung SN (1997) Hepatic stellate cell immunodetection and cirrhotic evolution of viral hepatitis in liver allografts. Hepatology 26:310–314
Halsted CH, Villanueva J, Chandler J et al. (1993) Centrilobular distribution of acetaldehyde and collagen in the ethanol-fed micropig. Hepatology 18:954–960
Harrison RF, Hubscher SG (1991) The spectrum of bile duct lesions in end-stage primary sclerosing cholangitis. Histopathology 19:321–327
Herbst H, Heinrichs O, Schuppan D, Milani S, Stein H (1991) Temporal and spatial patterns of transin/stromelysin RNA expression following toxic injury in rat liver. Virchows Archiv B Cell Pathol 60:295–300
Herbst H, Schuppan D, Milani S (1995) Fibrogenese and Fibrolyse in der Leber. Verh Dtsch Ges Pathol 79:1–13
Herbst H, Wege T, Milani S, Pellegrini G, Orzechowski HD, Bechstein WO et al. (1997) Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 and-2 RNA expression in rat and human liver fibrosis. Am J Pathol 150:1647–1659
Hodgson HJ, Davies DR, Thompson RP (1976) Congenital hepatic fibrosis. J Clin Pathol 29:11–16
Holstege A, Bedossa P, Poynard T, Kollinger M, Chaput JC, Houglum K, Chojkier M (1994) Acetaldehyde-modified epitopes in liver biopsy specimens of alcoholic and nonalcoholic patients: localization and association with progression of liver fibrosis. Hepatology 19:367–374
Iredale JP (1996) Matrix turnover in fibrogenesis. Hepato-Gastroenterology 43:56–71
Isenberg J (1982) Cystic fibrosis: its influence on the liver, biliary tree, and bile salt metabolism. Semin Liver Dis 4:302–313
Ishak KG, Irey NS (1972) Hepatic injury associated with the phenothiazines: Clinicopathologic and follow-up study of 36 patients. Arch Pathol 93:283–304
Ishak KG, Baptista A, Bianchi L, Callea F, Groote J de, Gudat F et al. (1995) Histological grading and staging of chronic hepatitis. J Hepatol 22:696–699
Ito T, Nemoto W (1952) Über die Kupfferschen Sternzellen und die Fettspeicherungszellen (fat storing cells) in der Blutkapillarwand der menschlichen Leber. Okokajamas Folia Anatomica Japonica 24:243–258
Jakobovits AW, Morgan MY, Sherlock S (1979) Hepatic siderosis in alcoholics. Dig Dis Sci 24: 305–310
James J, Bosch KS, Aronson DC, Houtkooper JM (1990) Sirius Red histophotometry and spectrophotometry of sections in the assessment of the collagen content of liver tissue and its application in growing rat liver. Liver 10:1–5
Janssens AR, van den Hamer CJA (1982) Kinetics of 64copper in primary biliary cirrhosis. Hepatology 2:822–827
Kamimura S, Gaal K, Britton RS, Bacon BR, Triadafilopoulos G, Tsukamoto H (1992) Increased 4-hydroxynonenal levels in experimental alcoholic liver disease: association of lipid peroxidation with liver fibrogenesis. Hepatology 16:448–453
Kiso S, Kawata S, Tamura S, Ito N, Takaishi K, Shirai Y et al. (1994) Alteration in growth regulation of heptocytes in primary culture obtained from cirrhotic rat: poor response to transforming growth factor-ß1 and interferons. Hepatology 20:1303–1308
Klinge O, Ormann W (1988) Hepar lobatum carcinomatosum. Pathologe 9:97–102
Knittel T, Armbrust T, Schwolger S, Schuppan D, Ramadori G (1992) Distribution and cellular origin of undulin in rat liver. Lab Invest 67:779-
Knodell RG, Ishak KG, Black W (1981) Formulation and application of a numerical scoring system for assessing histological activity in asymptomatic chronic active hepatitis. Hepatology 1:431–435
Koukoulis GK, Gould VE, Bhattacharyya A, Gould JE, Howeedy AA, Virtanen I (1991) Tenascin in normal, reactive, hyperplastic, and neoplastic tissues: biologic and pathologic implications. Hum Pathol 22:636–643
Krull NB, Zimmermann T, Gressner AM (1993) Spatial and temporal patterns of gene expression for the proteoglycans biglycan and decorin and for transforming growth factor-bl revealed by in situ hybridization during experimentally induced liver fibrosis in the rat. Hepatology 18:581–589
Labadie H, Stoessel P, Callard P, Beaugrand M (1990) Hepatic venoocclusive disease and perisinusoidal fibrosis secondary to arsenic poisoning. Gastroenterology 99:1140–1143
Lafon ME, Bioulac-Sage P, Grimaud JA (1987) Perisinusoidal fibrosis of the liver in patients with thrombocytopenic purpura. Virchows Arch A Pathol Anat 411:553–559
Lafon ME, Bioulac-Sage P, Balabaud C (1988) Hepatic fibrosis in patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. Liver 8:24–27
Laskin JD, Dokidis A, Gardner CR, Laskin DL (1991) Changes in sulfated proteoglycan production after activation of rat liver macrophages. Hepatology 14:306–312
LeBail B, Faouzi S, Boussarie L, Balabaud C, Bioulac-Sage Rosenbaum J (1997) Intracellular matrix composition and integrin expression in early hepatocarcinogenesis in human cirrhotic liver. J Pathol 181:330–337
Lee RG (1989) Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: a study of 49 patients. Hum Pathol 20:594–598
Lee RG (1997) Large cell change (liver cell dysplasia) and hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhosis: matched case-control study, pathological analysis, and pathogenetic hypothesis. Hepatology 26:1415–1422
Leevy CM, Sherlock S, Tygstrup N, Zetterman R (1994) Diseases of the liver and biliary tract. Standardization of nomenclature, diagnostic criteria and prognosis. Raven Press, New York
Lefkowitch JH, Arborgh BAM, Scheuer PJ (1980) Oxyphilic granular hepatocytes. Mitochondrion-rich liver cells in hepatic disease. Am J Clin Pathol 74:432–441
Levison DA, Kingham JG, Dawson AM (1982) Slow cirrhosis — or no cirrhosis? A lesion causing benign intraheptic portal hypertension. J Pathol 137:253–272
Lewin K, Millis RR (1973) Human radiation hepatitis. A morphologic study with emphasis on the late changes. Arch Pathol 96:21–26
Leyland H, Gentry J, Arthur M (1996) The plasminogen-activating System in hepatic stellate cells. Hepatology 24:1172–1178
Lindblad A, Hultcrantz R, Strandvik B (1992) Bile-duct destruction and collagen deposition: a prominent ultrastructural feature of the liver in cystic fibrosis. Hepatology 16:372–381
Ludwig J (1982) Practical liver biopsy interpretation, diagnostic algorithms. ASCP Press, Chicago
Ludwig J, Gross JB, Perkins JD, Moore SB (1990) Persistent centrilobular necroses in hepatic allografts. Hum Pathol 21:656–661
Ludwig J, LaRusso NF, Wiesner RH (1990) The syndrome of primary sclerosing cholangitis. Prog Liver Dis 9:555–566
Ludwig J, Hashimoto E, Obata H, Baldus WP (1992) Idiopathic portal hypertension: a histopathological study of 26 Japanese cases. Hepatology 22:227–234
Ludwig J, Hashimoto E, Porayko MK, Moyer TP, Baldus WP (1997) Hemosiderosis in cirrhosis: a study of 447 native livers. Gastroenterology 112:882–888
Mak KM, Lieber CD (1988) Lipocytes and transitional cells in alcoholic liver disease: a morphometric study. Hepatology 8:1027–1033
Manabe N, Chevallier M, Chossegros P et al. (1993) Interferon-a-2b therapy reduces liver fibrosis in chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis: a quantitative histological evaluation. Hepatology 18: 1344–1349
Marra F, Gentilini A, Pinzani M, Choudhury G, Parola M, Herbst H et al. (1997) Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase is required for platelet-derived growth factor’s actions on hepatic stellate cells. Gastroenterology 112:1297–1306
Martinez-Hernandez A, Amenta PS (1993) The hepatic extracellular matrix. I. Components and distribution in normal liver. Virchows Archiv A Pathol Anat 423:1–11
Martinez-Hernandez A, Amenta PS (1993) The hepatic extracellular matrix. II. Ontogenesis, regeneration and cirrhosis. Virchows Archiv A Pathol Anat 423:77–84
Mathew J, Geerts A, Burt AD (1996) Pathobiology of hepatic stellate cells. Hepato-Gastroenterology 43:72–91
Matsuda Y, Matsumoto K, Yamada A, Ichida T, Asakura H, Komoriya Y et al. (1997) Preventive and therapeutic effects in rats of hepatocyte growth factor infusion on liver fibrosis/cirrhosis. Hepatology 26:81–89
Matsuoka M, Tsukamoto H (1990) Stimulation of hepatic lipocyte collagen production by kupffer cell-derived transforming growth factor p: implication for a pathogenetic role in alcoholic liver fibrogenesis. Hepatology 11:599–605
McGuire RF, Bissell DM, Boyles J, Roll FJ (1992) Role of extracellular matrix in regulating fenestrations of sinusoidal endothelial cells isolated from normal rat liver. Hepatology 15:989–997
Melato M, Lurino L, Mucli E, Valente M, Okuda K (1989) Relationship between cirrhosis, liver cancer, and hepatic metastases. Cancer 64:455–459
Meybehm M, Fischer HP, Pfeifer U (1993) Expression of HBs-and Hbc-antigen in neoductular epithelium in chronic active hepatitis B. A further support for hepato-ductular metaplasia. Virchows Archiv B Cell Pathol 63:167–172
Meyer DH, Krull N, Dreher K, Gressner AM (1992) Biglycan and decorin gene expression in normal and fibrotic rat liver: cellular localization and regulatory factors. Hepatology 16:204–216
Miao S, Bao-En W, Annoni G, Esposti SG, Biempica L, Zern MA (1990) Two rat models of hepatic fibrosis. A morphologic and molecular comparison. Lab Invest 63:467–475
Mihas AA, Tavassoli M (1991) The effect of ethanol on the uptake, binding and desialylation of transferring by rat liver endothelium: implications in the pathogenesis of alcohol-associated hepatic siderosis. Am J Med Sci 30:299–304
Mikkelsen WP, Edmondson HA, Peters RL, Redeker AG, Reynolds TB (1965) Extra-and intrahepatic portal hypertension without cirrhosis (hepatoportal sclerosis). Ann Surg 162:602–620
Milani S, Herbst H, Schuppan D, Hahn EG, Stein H (1989) In situ hybridization for procollagen types I, III and IV mRNA in normal and fibrotic rat liver: evidence for predominant expression in nonparenchymal liver cells. Hepatology 10:84–92
Milani A, Herbst H, Schuppan D, Riecken EO, Stein H (1989) Cellular localization of laminin gene transcripts in normal and fibrotic human liver. Am J Pathol 134:1175–1182
Milani S, Herbst H, Schuppan D, Surrenti C, Riecken EO, Stein H (1990) Cellular localization of type I, III and IV procollagen gene transcripts in normal and fibrotic human liver. Am J Pathol 137:59–70
Milani S, Herbst H, Schuppan D, Stein H, Surrenti C (1991) Transforming growth factors β1 and β2 are differentially expressed in fibrotic liver disease. Am J Pathol 139:1221–1229
Milani S, Herbst H, Schuppan D et al. (1994) Differential expression of matrix-metalloproteinase-1 and-2 genes in normal and fibrotic human liver. Am J Pathol 144:528–537
Millward-Sadler GH (1994) Liver cirrhosis. In: McSween RNM et al. (eds) Pathology of the liver, 3rd edn. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh, pp 397–424
Moreno-Merlo F, Wanless IR, Shimamatsu K, Sherman M, Greig P, Chiasson D (1997) The role of granulomatous phlebitis and thrombosis in the pathogenesis of cirrhosis and portal hypertension in sarcoidosis. Hepatology 26:554–560
Mori T, Okanoue T, Sawa Y, Hori N, Ohta M, Kagawa K (1993) Defenestration of the sinusoidal endothelial cell in a rat model of cirrhosis. Hepatology 17:891–897
Müller-Hocker J (1998) Defects of the respiratory chain in hepatic oncocytes. Virchows Archiv 432:349–356
Müller-Hocker J, Weifi M, Meyer U, Schramel P, Wiebecke B, Belohradsky BH, Hübner G (1987) Fatal copper storage disease of the liver in an german infant resembling indian choldhood cirrhosis. Virchows Arch A Pathol Anat 411:379–385
Müller-Höcker J, Meyer U, Wiebecke B, Hübner G (1988) Copper storage disease in the liver and chronic dietary copper intoxication in two further german infants mimicking indian choldhood cirrhosis. Pathol Res Pract 183:39–45
Muro H, Shirasawa H, Kosugi I, Nakamura S (1993) Defect of Fc receptors and phenotypical changes in sinusoidal endothelial cells in human liver cirrhosis. Am J Pathol 143:105–120
Nayak NC, Sagreiya K, Ramalingaswami V (1969) Indian childhood cirrhosis. The nature and significance of cytoplasmic hyaline of hepatocytes. Arch Pathol 88:631–637
Nakano M, Worner TM, Lieber CS (1982) Perivenular fibrosis in alcoholic liver injury: ultrastructure and histologic progression. Gastroenterology 83:777–785
Nakanuma Y (1991) Pathology of septum formation in primary biliary cirrhosis: a histological study in the non-cirrhotic stage. Virchows Archiv A Pathol Anat 419:381–387
Nakanuma Y, Hoso M, Sasaki M et al. (1996) Histopathology of the liver in non-cirrhotic portal hypertension of unknown aetiology. Histopathology 28:195–204
Nakatsukasa H, Evarts RP, Hsia C, Thorgeirsson SS (1990) Transforming growth factor-β1 and type I procollagen transcripts during regeneration and early fibrosis of rat liver. Lab Invest 63:171–180
Nakayama Y, Takahara T, Miyabayashi C et al. (1991) Ultrastructural localization of type IV collagen and laminin in the Disse space of rat liver with carbon tetrachloride induced fibrosis. Liver 11:260–271
Nanji A, Rahemtulla A, Daly T, Khwaja S, Miao L, Zhao S, Tahan SR (1997) Cholesterol Supplementation prevents necrosis and inflammation but enhances fibrosis in alcoholic liver disease in the rat. Hepatology 26:90–97
Nanji A, Zakim D, Rahemtulla A, Daly T, Miao L, Zhao S et al. (1997) Dietary saturated fatty acids down-regulate cyclooxygenase-2 and tumor necrosis factor alfa and reverse fibrosis in allcohol-induced liver disease in the rat. Hepatology 26:1538–1545
Napoli J, Prentice D, Niinami C, Bishop GA, Desmond P, McCaughan GW (1997) Sequential increases in the intrahepatic expression of epidermal growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, and transforming growth factor β in a bile duct ligated rat model of cirrhosis. Hepatology 26:624–633
Nasrallah SM, Nassar VH, Galambos JT (1980) Importance of terminal hepatic venule thickening. Arch Pathol Lab Med 104:84–86
Nevens F, Staessen D, Sciot R, Damme B van, Desmet V, Fevery J, Groote J de, Steenbergen W van (1994) Clinical aspects of incomplete septal cirrhosis in comparison with macronodular cirrhosis. Gastroenterology 106:459–463
Newman M, Auerbach R, Feiner H (1989) The role of liver biopsies in psoriatic patients receiving long-term methotrexate treatment. Improvement in liver abnormalities after cessation of treatment. Arch Dermatol 125:1218–1224
Niemela O, Parkkila S, Yla-Herttuala S, Villanueva J, Ruebner B, Halsted CH (1995) Sequential acetaldehyde production, lipid peroxidation, and fibrogenesis in micropig model of alcoholinduced liver disease. Hepatology 22:1208–1214
Ogawa K, Suzuki J, Mukai H, Mori M (1986) Sequential changes of extracellular matrix and proliferation of Ito cells with enhanced expression of desmin and actin in focal hepatic injury. Am J Pathol 125:611–619
Ohta M, Marceau N, Perry G, Manetto V, Gambetti P, Autilio-Gambetti L et al. (1988) Ubiquitin is present on the cytokeratin intermediate filaments and Mallory bodies of hepatocytes. Lab Invest 59:848–856
Okuda K, Nakashima T, Okudaira M (1982) Liver pathology of idiopathic portal hypertension. Comparison with non-cirrhotic portal fibrosis of India. The Japan idiopathic portal hypertension study. Liver 2:176–192
Okuda K, Kono K, Ohnishi K (1984) Clinical study of eighty-six cases of idiopathic portal hypertension and comparison with cirrhosis with splenomegaly. Gastroenterology 86: 600–610
Okuno M, Moriwaki H, Imai S, Muto Y, Kawada N, Suzuki Y, Kojima S (1997) Retinoids exacerbate rat liver fibrosis by inducing the activation of latent TGF-β in liver stellate cells. Hepatology 26:913–921
Pfeifer U, Jeschke R (1980) Cholesterylester-Speicherkrankheit. Virchows Arch B Cell Pathol 33:17–34
Pfeifer U, Ormanns W, Klinge O (1981) Hepatocellular fibrinogen storage in familial hypofibrinogenemia. Virchows Arch B Cell Pathol 36:247–255
Phillips MJ, Cameron R, Flowers MA, Blendis LM, Greig PD, Wanless I et al. (1992) Post-transplant recurrent hepatitis B viral liver disease. Viral-burden, steatoviral, and fibroviral hepatitis B. Am J Pathol 140:1295–1308
Pinzani M, Milani S, De Franco R et al. (1996) Endothelin 1 is overexpressed in human cirrhotic liver and exerts multiple effects on activated hepatic stellate cells. Gastroenterology 110:534–548
Pinzani M, Milani S, Herbst H (1996) Expression of platelet-derived growth factor and its receptors in normal human liver and during active hepatic fibrogenesis. Am J Pathol 148: 785–800
Popper H, Goldfischer S, Sternlieb I, Nayak NC, Madhavan TV (1979) Cytoplasmic copper and ist toxic effects — studies in Indian childhood cirrhosis. Lancet 2:1205–1208
Popper H, Paronetto F (1980) Clinical, histologic, and immunologic features in primary biliary cirrhosis. Springer Sem Immunopathol 3:339–354
Portmann P, Slapak GI, Gane E, Williams R (1995) Pathology and biopsy diagnosis of the transplanted liver. Verh Dtsch Ges Pathol 79:277–290
Powell E, Cooksley WG, Hanson R, Searle J, Halliday JW, Powell LW (1990) The natural history of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: a follow-up study of forty-two patients for up to 21 years. Hepatology 11:74–80
Racine-Samson L, Scoazec J, D’Errico A, Fiorentino M, Christa L, Moreau A et al. (1996) The metabolic organization of the adult human liver: a comparative study of normal, fibrotic, and cirrhotic liver tissue. Hepatology 24:104–113
Ramadori G, Schwogler S, Veit T, Rieder H, Chiquet-Ehrismann R, Mackie EJ, Meyer zum Büschenfelde KH (1991) Tenascin gene expression in rat liver and in rat liver cells. Virchows Archiv B Cell Pathol 60:145–153
Ramadori G (1991) The stellate cell (Ito-cell, fat-storing cell, lipocyte, perisinusoidal cell) of the liver. Virchows Archiv B Cell Pathol 61:147–158
Ramadori G, Knittel T, Odenthal M, Schwogler S, Neubauer K, Meyer zum Büschenfelde KH (1992) Synthesis of cellular fibronectin by rat liver fat-storing (Ito) cells: regulation by cytokines. Gastroenterology 103:1313–1321
Rappaport AM, McPhee PJ, Fisher MM, Phillips MJ (1983) The scarring of the liver acini (cirrhosis). Three dimensional and microcirculatory considerations. Virchows Arch A Pathol Anat 402:107–137
Reed GB, Cox AJ (1966) The human liver after radiation injury. A form of veno-occlusive disease. Am J Pathol 48:597–611
Reed GB, Dixon JF, Neustein HB, Donell GN, Landing BH (1968) Patient with absence of a branching enzyme α-1, 4-glucan; α-1, 4-glucan 6-glycosyl transferase. Lab Invest 19:546–557
Reid LM, Jefferson DM (1984) Culturing hepatocytes and other differentiated cells. Hepatology 4:548–559
Rescan PY, Clement B, Yamada Y et al. (1990) Differential expression of laminin chains and receptor (LBP-32) in fetal and neoplastic hepatocytes compared to normal adult hepatocytes in vivo and in culture. Am J Pathol 137:701–709
Rescan PY, Poreal O, Hassell JR, Yamada Y, Guillouzo A, Clement B (1993) Distribution and origin of the basement membrane component perlecan in rat liver and primary hepatocyte culture. Am J Pathol 142:199–208
Rieder H, Armbrust T, Meyer zum Büschenfelde K-H, Ramadori G (1993) Contribution of sinusoidal endothelial liver cells to liver fibrosis: expression of transforming growth factor β1 receptors and modulation of plasmin-generating enzymes by transforming growth factor-β1. Hepatology 18:937–944
Rockey DC, Chung JJ (1998) Reduced nitric oxide production by endothelial cells in cirrhotic rat liver: endothelial dysfunction in portal hypertension. Gastroenterology 114:344–351
Rojkind M, Greenwell P (1994) The extracellular matrix of the liver. In: Arias IM, Boyer JL, Fausto N, Jakoby WB, Schachter DA, Shafritz DA (eds) The liver: biology and pathobiology 3rd edn. Raven Press, New York, pp 843–868
Rojkind M, Giambrone MA, Biempica L (1979) Collagen types in normal and cirrhotic liver. Gastroenterology 76:710–719
Rojkind M, Gatmaitan Z, Mackensen S, Giambrone MA, Ponce P, Reid LM (1980) Connective tissue biomatrix: its isolation and utilization for long-term cultures of normal rat hepatocytes. J Cell Biol 87:255–263
Roncalli M, Borzio M, De Biagi G, Ferrari A, Macchi R, Tombesi V, Servida E (1986) Liver cell dysplasia in cirrhosis. A serologic and immunohistochemical study. Cancer 57:1515–1521
Roncalli M, Borzio M, Tombesi MV, Ferrari A, Servida E (1988) A Morphometric study of liver cell dysplasia. Hum Pathol 19:471–474
Ruebner BH, Green R, Miyai K, Caranasos G, Abbey H (1961) The rarity of intrahepatic metastasis in cirrhosis of the liver. A statistical explanation with some comments on the interpretation of necropsy data. Am J Pathol 39:739–746
Saile B, Knittel T, Matthes N, Schott P, Ramadori G (1997) CD 95/CD95L-mediated apoptosis of the hepatic stellate cell. A mechanism terminating uncontrolled hepatic stellate cell proliferation during hepatic tissue repair. Am J Pathol 151:1265–1272
Scheuer PJ (1991) Classification of chronic viral hepatitis: a need for reassessment. J Hepatol 13:372–374
Scheuer PJ, Ashrafzadeh P, Sherlock S, Brown D, Dusheiko GM (1992) The pathology of hepatitis C Hepatology 15:567–571
Scheuer PJ, Lefkowitch JH (1994) Liver biopsy interpretation. 5th edn. Saunders, London
Schmidts HL, Stautz R, Chevallier M, Günzler V, Guerett S, Kaule G, Kurzhals R (1995) Bindegewebsbestimmung an einzelnen histologischen Schnitten von Leberbiopsien — ein methodenkritischer Vergleich. Verh Dtsch Ges Pathol 79:264
Schmitt-Gräff A, Krüger S, Borchard F, Gabbiani G, Denk H (1991) Modulation of alpha smooth muscle actin and desmin expression in perisinusoidal cells of normal and diseased human livers. Am J Pathol 138:1233–1242
Schmitt-Gräff A, Chakroun G, Gabbiani G (1993) Modulation of perisinusoidal cell cytoskeletal features during experimental hepatic fibrosis. Virchows Arch A Pathol Anat 422:99–107
Schmitt-Gräff A, Desmouliere A, Gabbiani G (1994) Heterogeneity of myofibroblast phenotypic features: an example of fibroblastic cell plasticity. Virchows Arch 425:3–24
Schochet SS, McCormick WF, Zellweger H (1970) Type IV glycogenosis (amylopectinosis). Light and electron microscopic observations. Arch Pathol 90:354–363
Schwoegler S, Neubauer K, Knittel T, Chung AE, Ramadori G (1994) Entactin gene expression in normal and fibrotic rat liver and in rat liver cells. Lab Invest 70:525–536
Sciot R, Staessen D, Damme B van, Steenbergen W van, Fevery J, Groote J de, Desmet VJ (1988) Incomplete septal cirrhosis: histopathological aspects. Histopathology 13:593–603
Scott JE, Bosworth TR, Cribb AM, Gressner AM (1994) The chemical morphology of extracellular matrix in experimental rate liver fibrosis resembles that of normal developing connective tissue. Virchows Arch 424:89–98
Sempoux C, Horsmans Y, Geubel A, Fraikin J, Beers B van, Gigot JF et al. (1997) Severe radiationinduced liver disease following localized radiation therapy for biliopancreatic carcinoma. Activation of hepatic stellate cells as an early event. Hepatology 26:128–134
Slott PA, Liu MH, Tavloni N (1990) Origin, pattern and mechanism of bile duct prolifertion following biliary obstruction in the rat. Gastroenterology 99:466–477
Sobel HJ, Wolf EH, Passaic NJ (1972) Liver involvement in early syphilis. Arch Pathol 93:565–568
Sovolainen ER, Leo MA, Timpl R, Lieber CS (1984) Acetaldehyde and lactate stimulate collagen synthesis of cultured babbon liver myofibroblasts. Gastroenterology 87:777–787
Sternlieb I (1972) Evolution of the hepatic lesion in Wilson’s disease (hepatolenticular degeneration). In: Popper H, Schaffner F (eds) Progress in liver diseases, vol IV. Grune & Stratton, New York, pp 511–525
Sternlieb I (1992) Fraternal concordance of abnormal hepatocellular mitochondria in Wilson’s disease. Hepatology 16:728–732
Sterneck MW, Ascher N (1991) Azathioprine hepatotoxicity after liver transplantation. Hepatology 14:806–810
Stromeyer FW, Ishak KG (1980) Histology of the liver in Wilson’s disease: a study of 34 cases. Am J Clin Pathol 73:12–24
Su Q, Benner A, Hofmann WJ, Otto G, Pichlmayr R, Bannasch P (1997) Human hepatic preneoplasia: phenotypes and proliferation kinetics of foci and nodules of altered hepatocytes and their relationship to liver cell dysplasia. Virchows Arch 431:391–406
Takahashi T (1978) Three-dimensional morphology of the liver in cirrhosis and related disorders. Virchows Arch A Pathol Anat 377:97–110
Tang L, Tanaka Y, Marumo F, Sato C (1994) Phenotypic change in portal fibroblasts in biliary fibrosis. Liver 14:76–82
Tanner MS, Portmann B, Mowat AP, Williams R, Pandit AN, Mills CF, Bremner I (1979) Increased hepatic copper concentration in Indian childhood cirrhosis. Lancet 1:1203–1205
Terada T, Ueda K, Nakamura Y (1993) Histopathological and morphometric analysis of atypical adenomatous hyperplasia of human cirrhotic livers. Virchows Archiv A Pathol Anat 422: 381–388
Théret N, Musso O, L’Helgoualc’h A, Clément B (1997) Activation of matrix metalloproteinase-2 from hepatic stellate cells requires interactions with hepatocytes. Am J Pathol 150:51–58
Thomas RM, Berman J, Yetter R, Moore GW, Hutchins GM (1992) Liver cell dysplasia: a DNA aneuploid lesion with distinct morphologic features. Hum Pathol 23:496–503
Tsutsumi M, Urashima S, Nakase K, Takada A (1995) Changes in laminin content in livers of patients with alcoholic liver disease. Liver 15:324–331
Uchida T, Peters RL (1983) The nature and origin of proliferated bile ductules in alcoholic liver disease. Am J Clin Pathol 79:326–333
Uchida T, Kronberg I, Peters RL (1984) Giant mitochondria in alcoholic liver disease; their identification, frequency and pathological significance. Liver 14:29–38
Uento T, Inuzuka S, Torimura T et al. (1993) Serum hyaluronate reflects hepatic sinusoidal capillarization. Gastroenterology 105:475–481
Vanbrockrijck M, Kloppel G (1992) Incidence and morphology of liver metastasis from extrahepatic malignancies to cirrhotic livers. Zentralbl Pathol 138:91–96
Van Eyken P, Geerts A, Blesser P de et al. (1992) Localization and cellular source of the extracellular matrix protein tenascin in normal and fibrotic liver. Hepatology 15:909–916
Van Waes L, Lieber CD (1977) Early perivenular sclerosis in alcoholic fatty liver: an index of progressive liver injury. Gastroenterology 73:646–650
Vollmar B, Wolf B, Siegmund S, Katsen A, Menger MD (1997) Lymph vessel expansion and function in the development of hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis. Am J Pathol 151: 169–175
Vyas SK, Leyland H, Gentry J, Arthur MJP (1995) Rat hepatic lipocytes synthesize and secrete transin (stromelysin) in early primary culture. Gastroenterology 109:889–898
Wake K (1971) Sternzellen in the liver: Perisinusoidal cells with special reference to storage of vitamin A. Am J Anat 132:429–462
Wake K, Sato T (1993) Intralobular heterogeneity of perisinusoidal stellate cells in the porcine liver. Cell tissue Res 273:227–237
Wallmark A, Aim R, Eriksson S (1984) Monoclonal antibody specific for the mutant PiZ alpha-1-antitrypsin and ist application in an ELISA procedure for identification of Piz gene carriers. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 81:5690–5693
Wanless IR, Paterson P, Das A, Boitnott JK, Moore GW, Bernier V (1990) Hepatic vascular disease and portal hypertension in polycythemia vera and agnogenic myeloid metaplasia: a clinicopathological study of 145 patients examined at autopsy. Hepatology 12:1166–1174
Wanless IR, Liu JJ, Butany J (1995) Role of thrombosis in the pathogenesis of congestive hepatic fibrosis (cardiac cirrhosis). Hepatology 21:1232–1237
Watanabe S, Okita K, Harada T, Kodama T, Numa Y, Takemoto T, Takahashi T (1983) Morphologic studies of the liver cell dysplasia. Cancer 51:2197–2205
Whiting OK, Fye KH, Sack KD (1991) Methotrexate and histologic hepatic abnormalities: a meta-analysis. Am J Med 90:711–716
Worner TM, Lieber CS (1985) Perivenular fibrosis as precursor lesion of cirrhosis. JAMA 254:627–630
Yasuda H, Imai E, Shiota A (1996) Antifibrogenic effect of a deletion variant of hepatocyte growth factor on liver fibrosis in rats. Hepatology 24:636–642
Yokoo H, Singh KS, Hawasli AH (1978) Giant mitochondria in alcoholic liver disease. Arch Pathol Lab Med 102:213–214
Zachariae H, Sogaard H (1987) Methotrexate-induced liver cirrhosis. A follow-up. Dermatologica 175:178–182
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2000 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Pfeifer, U. (2000). Leberfibrose und Leberzirrhose. In: Pathologie der Leber und Gallenwege. Spezielle pathologische Anatomie, vol 10. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-57036-0_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-57036-0_11
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-65511-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-57036-0
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive