Summary
This paper studies numerical methods for eddy current problems in the case of homogeneous, isotropic, and linear materials. It provides a survey of approaches that entirely rely on boundary integral equations and their conforming Galerkin discretization. The pivotal role of potentials is discussed, as well as the topological issues raised by their use. Direct boundary integral equations and the so-called symmetric coupling of the integral equations corresponding to the conductor and the non-conducting regions is employed. It gives rise to coupled variational problems that are elliptic in suitable trace spaces. This implies quasi-optimal convergence of Galerkin boundary element schemes.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
R. Albanese and G. Rubinacci, Fomulation of the eddy-current problem, IEE Proc. A, 137 (1990), pp. 16–22.
A. Alonso-Rodriguez, P. Fernandes, and A. Valli, Weak and strong formulations for the time-harmonic eddy-current problem in general domains, Report UTM 603, Dipartimento di Matematica, Universita degli Studi di Trento, Trento, Italy, September 2001.
H. Ammari, A. Buffa, and J.-C. NÉdÉlec, A justification of eddy currents model for the Maxwell equations, SIAM J. Appl. Math., 60 (2000), pp. 1805–1823.
C. Amrouche, C. Bernardi, M. Dauge, and V. Girault, Vector potentials in three-dimensional nonsmooth domains, Math. Meth. Appl. Sci., 21 (1998), pp. 823–864.
D. Baldomir, Differential forms and electromagnetism in 3-dimensional Euclidean space ℝ3, IEE Proc. A, 133 (1986), pp. 139–143.
D. Baldomir and P. Hammond, Geometry of Electromagnetic Systems, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1996.
A. Bossavit, Two dual formulations of the 3D eddy-currents problem, COMPEL, 4 (1985), pp. 103–116.
A. Bossavit, Whitney forms: A class of finite elements for three-dimensional computations in electromagnetism, IEE Proc. A, 135 (1988), pp. 493–500.
A. Bossavit, A new viewpoint on mixed elements, Meccanica, 27 (1992), pp. 3–11.
A. Bossavit, Computational Electromagnetism.Variational Formulation, Complementarity, Edge Elements, vol. 2 of Electromagnetism Series, Academic Press, San Diego, CA, 1998.
A. Bossavit and J. VÉritÉ, A mixed FEM-BIEM method to solve 3D eddycurrent problems, IEEE Trans. MAG, 18 (1982), pp. 431–435.
A. Bossavit and J. Vérité, The “Trifou”code: Solving the three-dimensional eddy-currents problem by using h as a state variable, IEEE Trans. Mag., 19 (1983), pp. 2465–2470.
F. Brezzi and M. Fortin, Mixed and hybrid finite element methods, Springer, 1991.
A. Buffa, Hodge decompositions on the boundary of a polyhedron: The multiconnected case, Math. Mod. Meth. Appl. Sci., 11 (2001), pp. 1491–1504.
A. BUFFA —, Traces theorems for functional spaces related to Maxwell equations: An overwiew, this volume, pp. ??-??.
A. Buffa and P. Ciarlet, On traces for functional spaces related to Maxwell’s equations. Part I: An integration by parts formula in Lipschitz polyhedra., Math. Meth. Appl. Sci., 24 (2001), pp. 9–30.
A. Buffa and P. Ciarlet, On traces for functional spaces related to Maxwell’s equations. Part II: Hodge decompositions on the boundary of Lipschitz polyhedra and applications, Math. Meth. Appl. Sci., 24 (2001), pp. 31–48.
A. Buffa, M. Costabel, and C. Schwab, Boundary element methods for Maxwell’s equations on non-smooth domains, Report 2001-01, Seminar für Angewandte Mathematik, ETH Zürich, Zürich Switzerland, 2001. To appear in Numer. Math.
A. Buffa, R. Hiptmair, T. Von Petersdorff, and C. Schwab, Boundary element methods for Maxwell equations on Lipschitz domains, Numer. Math., (2002). To appear.
P. Ciarlet, The Finite Element Method for Elliptic Problems, vol. 4 of Studies in Mathematics and its Applications, North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1978.
D. Colton and R. Kress, Integral equation methods in scattering theory, Pure and Applied Mathematics, John Wiley & Sons, 1983.
D. Colton and R. Kress, Inverse Acoustic and Electromagnetic Scattering Theory, vol. 93 of Applied Mathematical Sciences, Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, 2nd ed., 1998.
M. Costabel, Symmetric methods for the coupling of finite elements and boundary elements, in Boundary Elements IX, C. Brebbia, W. Wendland, and G. Kuhn, eds., Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1987, pp. 411–420.
M. Costabel, Boundary integral operators on Lipschitz domains: Elementary results, SIAM J. Math. Anal., 19 (1988), pp. 613–626.
M. Costabel and M. Dauge, Singularities of Maxwell’s equations on polyhedral domains, in Analysis, Numerics and Applications of Differential and Integral Equations, M. Bach, ed., vol. 379 of Longman Pitman Res. Notes Math. Ser., Addison Wesley, Harlow, 1998, pp. 69–76.
M. Costabel and M. Dauge, Maxwell and Lamé eigenvalues on polyhedra, Math. Methods Appl. Sci., 22 (1999), pp. 243–258.
R. Dautray and J.-L. Lions, Mathematical Analysis and Numerical Methods for Science and Technology, vol. 4, Springer, Berlin, 1990.
G. Deschamps, Electromagnetics and differential forms, Proc. IEEE, 69 (1981), pp. 676–695.
H. Dirks, Quasi-stationary fields for microelectronic applications, Electrical Engineering, 79 (1996), pp. 145–155.
P. Fernandes and G. Gilardi, Magnetostatic and electrostatic problems in inhomogeneous anisotropic media with irregular boundary and mixed boundary conditions, Math. Models Meth. Appl. Sci., M3AS, 7 (1997), pp. 957–991.
V. Girault, Curl-conforming finite element methods for Navier-Stokes equations with non-standard boundary conditions in ℝ3, vol. 1431 of Lecture Notes in Mathematics, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1989, pp. 201–218.
V. Girault and P. Raviart, Finite element methods for Navier-Stokes equations, Springer, Berlin, 1986.
P. Gross, Efficient finite element-based algorithms for topological aspects of 3-dimensional magnetoquasistatic problems, PhD thesis, College of Engineering, Boston University, Boston,USA, 1998.
R. Hiptmair, Canonical construction of finite elements, Math. Comp., 68 (1999), pp. 1325–1346.
R. Hiptmair —, Symmetric coupling for eddy current problems, Tech. Rep. 148, Sonderforschungsbereich 382, Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany, March 2000. To appear in SIAM J. Numer. Anal.
R. Hiptmair and J. Ostrowski, Generators of H 1(Γh,ℤ)for triangulated surfaces: Construction and classification, Report 160, SFB 382, Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany, 2001. To appear in SIAM J. Computing.
C. Huber, W. Rieger, M. Haas, and W. Rucker, A boundary element formulation using higher order curvilinear edge elements, IEEE Trans. Mag., 34 (1998), pp. 2441–2444.
K. Ishibashi, Eddy current analysis by BEM utilizing edge boundary conditions, IEEE Trans. Mag., 32 (1996), pp. 832–835.
K. Ishibashi, Eddy current analysis by integral equation method utilizing loop electric and surface magnetic currents as unknowns, IEEE Trans. Mag., 34 (1998), pp. 2585–2588.
L. Kettunen, K. Forsman, and A. Bossavit, Gauging in Whitney spaces, IEEE Trans. Magnetics, 35 (1999), pp. 1466–1469.
P. Kotiuga, On making cuts for magnetic scalar potentials in multiply connected regions, J. Appl. Phys., 61 (1987), pp. 3916–3918.
P. Kotiuga, An algorithm to make cuts for magnetic scalar potentials in tetrahedral meshes based on the finite element method, IEEE Trans. Magnetics, 25 (1989), pp. 4129–4131.
P. Kotiuga —, Topological considerations in coupling magnetic scalar potentials to stream functions describing surface currents, IEEE Trans. Magnetics, 25 (1989), pp. 2925–2927.
M. Kuhn and O. Steinbach, FEM-BEM coupling for 3d exterior magnetic field problems, Math. Meth. Appl. Sci., (2002). To appear.
S. Kurz, J. Fetzer, G. Lehner, and W. Rucker, A novel formulation for 3D eddy current problems with moving bodies using a Lagrangian description and BEM-FEM coupling, IEEE Trans. Mag., 34 (1998), pp. 3068–3073.
I. Mayergoyz, 3D eddy current problems and the boundary integral equation method, in Computational electromagnetics, Z. Cendes, ed., Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1986, pp. 163–171.
R. Mccamy and E. Stephan, Solution procedures for three-dimensional eddycurrent problems, J. Math. Anal. Appl., 101 (1984), pp. 348–379.
W. Mclean, Strongly Elliptic Systems and Boundary Integral Equations, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge,UK, 2000.
J. NÉdÉlec, Mixed finite elements in ℝ3, Numer. Math., 35 (1980), pp. 315–341.
J.-C. NÉdÉlec, Acoustic and Electromagnetic Equations: Integral Representations for Harmonic Problems, vol. 44 of Applied Mathematical Sciences, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 2001.
M. Reissel, On a transmission boundary-value problem for the time-harmonic Maxwell equations without displacement currents, SIAM J. Math. Anal., 24 (1993), pp. 1440–1457.
Z. Ren, F. Bouillault, A. Razek, A. Bossavit, and J. VÉritÉ, A new hybrid model using electric field formulation for 3D eddy-current problems, IEEE Trans. Mag., 36 (1990), p. 473.
Z. Ren, F. Bouillault, A. Razek, and J. VeritÉ, Comparison of different boundary integral formulations when coupled with finite elements in three dimensions, IEE Proc. A, 135 (1988), pp. 501–505.
Z. Ren and A. Razek, New techniques for solving three-dimensional multiply connected eddy-current problems, IEE Proc. A, 137 (1990), pp. 135–140.
A. Schwarz, Topology for Physicists, vol. 308 of Grundlehren der mathematischen Wissenschaften, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1994.
J. Shen, Computational electromagnetics using boundary elements, vol. 24 of Topics in Engineering, Computational Mechanics Publ., Southampton, Boston, 1995.
O. Sterz and C. Schwab, A scalar BEM for time harmonic eddy current problems with impedance boundary conditions, in Scientific Computing in Electrical Engineering, U. van Rienen, M. Günther, and D. Hecht, eds., vol. 18 of Lecture Notes in Computational Science and Engineering, Springer, Berlin, Germany, 2001, pp. 129–136.
J. Yuan, X. Ma, and X. Cui, Three-dimensional eddy current calculation by an adaptive three-component boundary element algorithm, IEEE Trans. Magnetics, 33 (1997), pp. 1275–1278.
D. Zheng, Three-dimensional eddy current analysis by the boundary element method, IEEE Trans. Magnetics, 33 (1997), pp. 1354–1357.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2003 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Hiptmair, R. (2003). Boundary Element Methods for Eddy Current Computation. In: Monk, P., Carstensen, C., Funken, S., Hackbusch, W., Hoppe, R.H.W. (eds) Computational Electromagnetics. Lecture Notes in Computational Science and Engineering, vol 28. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55745-3_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55745-3_8
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-44392-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-55745-3
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive