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Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase Is Required for Maintenance of Genomic Integrity During Base Excision Repair

  • Chapter
DNA Repair

Part of the book series: Nucleic Acids and Molecular Biology ((NUCLEIC,volume 12))

Abstract

In eukaryotes, DNA strand breaks introduced either directly by ionizing radiations or indirectly following enzymatic incision of a DNA-base lesion trigger immediately the synthesis of poly(ADP-ribose) by the enzyme poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP; EC 2.4.2.30). At a site of breakage, PARP catalyzes the transfer of the ADP-ribose moiety from its substrate, NAD+, to a limited number of protein acceptors (heteromodification) involved in chromatin architecture (histones H1, H2B, lamin B) or in DNA metabolism (topoisomerases, DNA replication factors) including PARP itself (automodification) (for reviews see Althaus and Richter 1987; Lautier et al. 1993; Oei et al. 1997). These modified proteins, mainly DNA-binding proteins, carrying chains of negatively charged ADP-ribose polymers, lose their affinity for DNA and consequently are inactivated. The short half-life of the polymer is attributed to the high activity of poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG) which cleaves the ribose-ribose bond (Alvarez-Gonzalez and Althaus 1989; Lin et al. 1997). Poly(ADP-ribosylation) is therefore an immediate and transient posttranslational modification of nuclear proteins induced by DNA strand breaks (Fig. 1A).

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  1. Unité Propre de Recherche 9003 du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique “Cancérogénèse et Mutagénèse Moléculaire et Structurale”, Laboratoire conventionné du Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique Ecole Supérieure de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, Boulevard Sébastien Brant, 67400, Illkirch Graffenstaden, France

    G. De Murcia, F. Dantzer, C. Trucco, V. Rolli, F. J. Oliver, C. Niedergang & J. Ménissier-De Murcia

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  1. Max-Planck-Institut für Experimentelle Medizin, Hermann-Rein-Straße 3, 37075, Göttingen, Germany

    Fritz Eckstein

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    David M. J. Lilley

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De Murcia, G. et al. (1998). Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase Is Required for Maintenance of Genomic Integrity During Base Excision Repair. In: Eckstein, F., Lilley, D.M.J. (eds) DNA Repair. Nucleic Acids and Molecular Biology, vol 12. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-48770-5_4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-48770-5_4

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-48772-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-48770-5

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