The asymmetric membranes can be formed into different geometries such as the flat sheet and the hollow fibers, by choosing the fabricating or casting equipment. Hollow fibers have annulus cross sections with the inner and outer circular skins of the membranes being concentric. The outer diameter of a hollow fiber is less than 1 mm. Their advantages associated with practice usage include large membrane area per unit volume, self-contained mechanical support, good flexibility, and easy handling during the module fabrication and in the operation, etc. (Matsuura 1994, Peng et at. 2012). These facts have contributed to the lower fabrication cost and higher-performance efficiency of hollow fiber membrane modules.
By far, the most technically used hollow fiber is produced by phase inversion: non-solvent-induced phase inversion (NIPS), (solvent) evaporation-induced phase inversion (EIPS), VIPS (vapor sorption-induced phase inversion), and TIPS (thermally induced phase inversion) (Ulbricht 2006...
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Jiang, L.Y. (2014). Asymmetric Hollow Fiber Membranes. In: Drioli, E., Giorno, L. (eds) Encyclopedia of Membranes. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40872-4_1761-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40872-4_1761-2
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