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Seismic and Gravity Structure of the Campi Flegrei Caldera, Italy

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Campi Flegrei

Part of the book series: Active Volcanoes of the World ((AVOLCAN))

Abstract

We present a comprehensive review of seismic and gravity observations and tomographic models produced over the past four decades in order to understand the structure of the crust beneath the Campi Flegrei caldera. We describe the main lithological and structural discontinuities defined through these observations, illustrate their geophysical responses, and discuss the constraints they give to the understanding of magmatic and volcanic processes. Micro-seismic crises related to caldera unrest, and ambient seismic noise measurements provide comprehensive seismic data to local earthquake and ambient noise tomography. In combination with reflection data from onshore and offshore active seismic experiments, velocity tomography reconstructs the elastic properties of the caldera between surface and ~4 km depth. Active experiments also define the depth of lithological interfaces and deep (~7.5 km) partially molten bodies. Seismic attenuation tomography provides information complementary to velocity tomography, defining lateral lithological changes and the geometry of onshore and offshore fluid and magma bodies down to 4 km depth. Once compared with seismic analyses, gravity data highlight lateral changes in the offshore caldera structures. During the deformation and seismo-geochemical unrest (1982–1984), they permitted to reconstruct a minor (<1 km lateral extent) melt volume related to the point of maximum uplift measured at the caldera. Seismic coda-wave amplitude inversions depict the caldera rim limits in analogy to velocity tomography and map the lateral extension of ~4-km-deep deformation source. Once combined with the results from velocity tomography and gravity inversions, they reconstruct the feeding systems that connect deep deformation source and shallow vents across the eastern caldera, capped by a seismic horizon around a depth of 2 km.

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Acknowledgements

This paper has been prepared in the frameworks of the Projects UNREST and V2 (Precursori) funded by the Department of the Civil Protection of Italy and by I.N.G.V, and partially funded by the Spanish research project CGL2011-29499-C02-01, EPHESTOS Istituto Andaluz de Geofisica - Universidad de Granada, Spain.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Osservatorio Vesuviano, Napoli, Italy

    Francesca Bianco & Edoardo Del Pezzo

  2. Dipartimento di Fisica “Eduardo R. Caianiello”, Università di Salerno, Fisciano, SA, Italy

    Paolo Capuano

  3. Instituto Andaluz de Geofisica, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain

    Edoardo Del Pezzo

  4. Institute of Geosciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany

    Luca De Siena

  5. Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy

    Nils Maercklin, Guido Russo & Aldo Zollo

  6. Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italy

    Maurizio Vassallo

  7. Institut des Science de la Terre, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France

    Jean Virieux

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    Giovanni Orsi

  2. Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell’Ambiente e delle Risorse, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy

    Massimo D'Antonio

  3. Emeritus Professor of Geochemistry and Volcanology, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy

    Lucia Civetta

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Bianco, F. et al. (2022). Seismic and Gravity Structure of the Campi Flegrei Caldera, Italy. In: Orsi, G., D'Antonio, M., Civetta, L. (eds) Campi Flegrei. Active Volcanoes of the World. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-37060-1_2

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