Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Wirkungsnachweise und Evaluation der Therapien

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Infantile Zerebralparese

  • 4973 Accesses

Zusammenfassung

Die verschiedenen Behandlungsmethoden haben unterschiedliche Wirkungsbereiche, die man für die Auswahl jeweils geeigneter Verfahren kennen sollte und die sich von motorischen Funktionseinschränkungen der Kopfmotorik über Schmerzen am Bewegungsapparat bis hin zu mentalen Defiziten erstrecken. Die Wirkungsweise der verschiedenen konservativen und operativen Behandlungsverfahren richtet sich an diesen Problemen aus. Auch hier kommt meistens die kombinierte Anwendung verschiedener Verfahren zum Einsatz. In der Regel wird man die Wirkungsweise der in Frage kommenden Verfahren symptomorientiert wählen. Die Evaluation der Therapieeffekte sollte ähnlich wie bei der Diagnosestellung und der Indikation standardisiert vorgenommen werden. Immer ist das Erreichen eines oder mehrerer vor der Therapie definierter Ziele zu untersuchen. Die Messinstrumente dazu sind äußerst vielfältig und an die jeweilige Fragestellung anzupassen. Auf dem Gebiet des Haltungs- und Bewegungsapparates sind allerdings nicht nur spezifische lokale Parameter ausreichend (Gelenkbeweglichkeit, Muskelkraft, Röntgenbefund), sondern es sind immer auch funktionelle Befunde zu ergänzen. Die Einbeziehung ICF-basierter Daten (Funktion, Aktivität, Teilhabe) macht die Evaluationsresultate besonders wertvoll. Auch längerfristige Beobachtungen sind notwendig.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Literatur

  • Abel MF, Damiano DL (2003) Relationships among musculoskeletal impairments and functional health status in ambulatory cerebral palsy. J Pediatr Orthop 23:535–541

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Albrecht GL, Devlieger PJ (1999) The disability paradox: high quality of life against all odds. Soc Sci Med 48(8):977–988

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Albright AL et al (2009) The neurosurgical treatment of dystonia. In: Gage JR, Schwartz MH, Koop SE (Hrsg) The identification and treatment of gait problems in cerebral palsy, 2. Aufl. Clinics in developmental medicine, Bd. 180/181. Mac Keith Press, London, S 429–438

    Google Scholar 

  • Anttila H, Autti-Ramö L, Suorenta J et al (2008) Effectiveness of physical therapy interventions for children with cerebral palsy: a systematic review. BMC Pediatr 24:14

    Google Scholar 

  • Autti-Ramö LI, Suoranta J, Anttila H et al (2006) Effectiveness of upper and lower limb casting and orthoses in children with cerebral palsy: an overview of review articles. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 85:89–103

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Baker R, McGinley JL, Schwartz MH et al (2009) The gait profile score and movement analysis profile. Gait Posture 30(3):265–269

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Baker R, McGinley JL, Schwartz M et al (2012) The minimally clinically important difference for the gait profile score. Gait Posture 35(4):612–615

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Banks HH (1975) The foot and ankle in cerebral palsy. In: Samilson RL (Hrsg) Orthopaedic aspects of cerebral palsy. Clinics in developmental medicine, Bd. 52/53. Butterworth-Heinemann, Philadelphia, S 195–220

    Google Scholar 

  • Bernthal NM, Gamrath SC, Kay RM et al (2010) Static and dynamic gait parameters before and after multilevel soft tissue surgery in ambulating children with cerebral palsy. J Pediatr Orthop 30:174–179

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bjornson KF, Schmale GA, Adamczyk-Foster A et al (2006) The effect of dynamic AFOs on function in children with cerebral palsy. J Pediatr Orthop 26:773–776

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Blackmore AM, Boettcher-Hunt E, Jordan M et al (2007) A systematic review of the effects of casting on equinus in children with cerebral palsy: an evidence report of the AACPDM. Dev Med Child Neurol 49:781–790

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Blair E, Watson L, Badawi N et al (2001) Life expectancy among people with cerebral palsy in Western Australia. Dev Med Child Neurol 43(8):508–515

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bleck EE (1987) Orthopaedic management in cerebral palsy Clinics in developmental medicine, Bd. 99/100. Mac Keith Press, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Bowen RE, Abel MF, Arlet V et al (2012) Outcome assessment in neuromuscular spinal deformity. J Pediatr Orthop 32(8):792–798

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bower E, Michell D, Burnett M et al (2001) Randomized controlled trial of physiotherapy in 56 children with cerebral palsy followed for 18 months. Dev Med Child Neurol 43:4–15

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Boyce W, Gowland C, Rosenbaum P et al (1998) Gross motor performance measure manual. Queens University, Kingston

    Google Scholar 

  • Boyd RN (2004) A physiotherapy perspective on assessment and outcome measurement of children with cerebral palsy. In: Scrutton D, Damiano D, Mayston M (Hrsg) Management of the motor disorders of children with cerebral palsy, 2. Aufl. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, S 52–66

    Google Scholar 

  • Boyd RN, Graham HK (1999) Objective clinical measures in the use of botulinumtoxin A in the management of cerebral palsy. Eur J Neurol 6(4):S23–S36

    Google Scholar 

  • Brin MF (2003) Fundamentals of dystonia. In: Moore OP, Naumann M (Hrsg) Handbook of Botulinumtoxin treatment. Blackwell Science, London, S 101–118

    Google Scholar 

  • Chaleat-Valayer E, Bernard JC, Morel E et al (2006) Use of videographic examination for analysis of efficacy of botulinum toxin in the lower limbs in children with cerebral palsy. J Pediatr Orthop B 15(5):339–347

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Daltroy LH, Liang MH, Fossel AH et al (1998) The POSNA pediatric musculoskeletal functional health questionnaire: report on reliability, validity, and sensitivity to change. J Pediatr Orthop 18(5):561–571

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Damiano DL, Martellotta TL, Quinlivan JM et al (2001) Deficits in excentric versus concentric torque in children with spastic cerebral palsy. Med Sci Sports Exerc 33(1):117–122

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Damiano DL, Gilgannon MD, Abel MF et al (2005) Responsiveness and uniqueness of the pediatric outcomes data collection instrument compared to the gross motor function measure for measuring orthopaedic and neurosurgical outcomes in cerebral palsy. J Pediatr Orthop 25(5):641–645

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Davids JR, Foti T, Dabelstein J et al (1999) Objective assessment of dyskinesia in children with cerebral palsy. J Pediatr Orthop 19(2):211–214

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Davis E, Waters E, Mackinnon A et al (2006) Pediatric quality of life instruments: a review of the impact of the conceptual frameworks on outcomes. Dev Med Child Neurol 48(4):311–318

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Di Francesco MF, Halpern CH, Hurtig HH et al (2012) Pediatric indications for deep brain stimulation. Childs Nerv Syst 28:1701–1714

    Google Scholar 

  • Domholdt E (1993) Physical therapy research: principles and applications. Saunders, Philadelphia

    Google Scholar 

  • Dreher T, Buccoliero T, Wolf SI et al (2012a) Long-term results after gastrocnemius-soleus intramuscular aponeurotic recession as a part of multilevel surgery in spastic diplegic cerebral palsy. J Bone Joint Surg Am 94(7):627–637

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dreher T, Götze M, Wolf SI et al (2012b) Distal rectus femoris transfer as part of multilevel surgery in children with spastic diplegia – a randomized clinical trial. Gait Posture 36(2):212–218

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dreher T, Wolf SI, Maier M et al (2012c) Long-term results after distal rectus femoris transfer as a part of multilevel surgery for the correction of stiff-knee gait in spastic diplegic cerebral palsy. J Bone Joint Surg Am 94(19):e142

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dreher T, Wolf SJ, Heitzmann D et al (2012d) Long-term outcome of femoral derotation osteotomy in children with spastic diplegia. Gait Posture 36(3):467–470

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Drotar D (2004) Validating measures of pediatric health status, functional status, and health-related quality of life: key methodological challenges and strategies. Ambul Pediatr 4(4):358–364

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Eliasson AC, Krumlinde-Sundholm L, Shaw K et al (2005) Effects of constraint induced movement therapy in young children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy: an adapted model. Dev Med Child Neurol 47:266–275

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Feldkamp M, Matthiaß HH (1988) Diagnose der infantilen Zerebralparese im Säuglings- und Kindesalter, 2. Aufl. Thieme, Stuttgart

    Google Scholar 

  • Firth GB, McMullan M, Chin T et al (2013a) Lengthening of the gastrocnemius-soleus complex: an anatomical and biomechanical study in human cadavers. J Bone Joint Surg Am 95(16):1489–1496

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Firth GB, Passmore E, Sangeux M et al (2013b) Multilevel surgery for equinus gait in children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy: medium-term follow-up with gait analysis. J Bone Joint Surg Am 95(10):931–938

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gage JR (2004) Treatment principles for crouch gait. In: Gage JR (Hrsg) Treatment of gait problems in cerebral palsy. Mac Keith Press, London, S 382–397

    Google Scholar 

  • Gage JR (2009) General issues of recurrence with growth. In: Gage JR, Schwartz MH, Koop SE, Novacheck TF (Hrsg) The identification and treatment of gait problems in cerebral palsy. Clinics in developmental medicine, Bd. 180/181. Mac Keith Press, London, S 546–554

    Google Scholar 

  • Gage JR, Schwartz MH (2009) Consequences of brain injury on musculoskeletal development. In: Gage JR, Schwartz MH, Koop SE, Novacheck TF (Hrsg) The identification and treatment of gait problems in cerebral palsy. Clinics in developmental medicine, Bd. 180/181. Mac Keith Press, London, S 107–129

    Google Scholar 

  • Gage JR, Stout JL et al (2009) Gait analysis. In: Gage JR, Schwartz MH, Koop SE (Hrsg) The identification and treatment of gait problems in cerebral palsy, 2. Aufl. Clinics in developmental medicine, Bd. 180–181. Mac Keith Press, London, S 260–284

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldberg MJ (1991) Measuring outcomes in cerebral palsy. J Pediatr Orthop 11:682–685

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gordon AM (2011) To constrain or not to constrain, and other stories of intensive upper extremity training for children with unilateral cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol 53(4):56–61

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Graham HK, Harvey A, Rodda J et al (2004) The functional mobility scale (FMS). J Pediatr Orthop 24:514–520

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Haley SM, Coster WJ, Faas RM (1991) A content validity study of the pediatric evaluation of disability inventory. Ped Phys Ther 3:177–184

    Google Scholar 

  • Horsfield MA, Jones DK (2002) Applications of diffusion-weighted and diffusion tensor MRI to white matter diseases – a review. NMR Biomed 15(7–8):570–577

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Horstmann HM, Bleck EE (2007) Orthopaedic management in cerebral palsy, 3. Aufl. Mac Keith Press, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Joseph B, Reddy K, Varghese RA et al (2010) Management of severe crouch gait in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy. J Pediar Orthop 30(8):832–839

    Google Scholar 

  • Kay RM, Rethlefsen SA, Dennis SW et al (2001) Prediction of postoperative gait velocity in cerebral palsy. J Pediatr Orthop B 10(4):275–278

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kay RM, Rethlefsen SA, Ryan JA et al (2004) Outcome of gastrocnemius recession and tendo-achilles lengthening in ambulatory children with cerebral palsy. J Pediatr Orthop B 13(2):92–98

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Koman LA, Mooney JF, Smith BP (1994) Management of cerebral palsy with botulinum toxin A: a report of a preliminary randomized double blind trial. J Pediatr Orthop 14:229–233

    Google Scholar 

  • Law MC, Darrah J, Pollock N et al (2011) Focus on function: a cluster randomized controlled trial comparing child- versus context-focused intervention for young children with cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol 53(7):621–629

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Leopando MT, Moussavi Z (1999) Effect of a soft Boston-orthosis on pulmonary mechanics in severe cerebral palsy. Pediatr Pulmonol 28:23–58

    Google Scholar 

  • Loeters MJB, Maathuis CGB, Hadders-Algra M (2010) Risk factors for emergence and progression of scoliosis in children with severe cerebral palsy: a systematic review. Dev Med Child Neurol 52(7):605–611

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lumsden DE, Kaminka M, Cimeno H et al (2013) Proportion of life lived with dystonia inversely correlates with response to pallidal deep brain stimulation in both primary and secondary childhood dystonia. Dev Med Child Neurol 55:567–574

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Maloney FP, Mirrett P, Brooks C (1978) Use of the goal attainment scale in the treatment and ongoing evaluation of neurologically handicapped children. Am J Occ Ther 32:505–510

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mc Ginley JL, Dobson F, Ganeshaligan R et al (2011) Single event multilevel surgery for children with cerebral palsy: a systematic review. Dev Med Child Neurol 54:117–128

    Google Scholar 

  • Mc Mulkin ML, Gulliford JJ, Williamson RV (2000) Correlation of static to dynamic measures of the lower extremity range of motion in cerebral palsy and control populations. J Pediatr Orthop 20:366–369

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McMulkin ML, Baird GO, Gordon AB et al (2007) The pediatric outcomes data collection instrument detects improvements for children with ambulatory cerebral palsy after orthopaedic intervention. J Pediatr Orthop 27(1):1–6

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Morton RE, Gray N, Vloeberghs M (2011) Controlled study of the effects of continuous intrathecal Baclofen infusion in non ambulant children with cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol 53:736–741

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Narayanan UG, Fehlings D, Weir S et al (2006) Initial development and validation of the Caregiver Priorities and Child Health Index of Life with Disabilities (CPCHILD). Dev Med Child Neurol 48(10):804–812

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Novacheck TF, Schwartz M (2004) Functional assessment of outcomes. In: Gage JR (Hrsg) The treatment of gait problems in cerebral palsy. Clinics in developmental medicine, Bd. 164/165. Mac Keith Press, London, S 406–422

    Google Scholar 

  • Novacheck TF, Stout JL, Tervo R (2000) Reliability and validity of the Gillette functional assessment questionnaire as an outcome measure in children with walking disabilities. J Pediatr Orthop 20:75–81

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Novacheck TF, Beattie C, Rozumalski A et al (2007) Quantifying the spring-like properties of ankle-foot orthoses. J Pediatr Orthop 19:98–103

    Google Scholar 

  • Novacheck TF, Kroll GJ, Gent G et al et al (2009) Orthoses. In: Gage JR, Schwartz MH, Koop SE (Hrsg) The identification and treatment of gait problems in cerebral palsy, 2. Aufl. Clinics in developmental medicine, Bd. 180–181. Mac Keith Press, London, S 327–348

    Google Scholar 

  • Novak J, McIntyre S, Morgan C et al (2013) A systematic review of interventions for children with cerebral palsy: state of the evidence. Dev Med Child Neurol 55:885–910

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ounpuu S, Thomason P, Harvey A et al et al (2009) Classification of cerebral palsy and patterns of gait pathology. In: Gage JR, Schwartz MH, Koop SE (Hrsg) The identification and treatment of gait problems in cerebral palsy, 2. Aufl. Mac Keith Press, London, S 147–166

    Google Scholar 

  • Owers KL, Pyman J, Gargan MF et al (2001) Bilateral hip surgery in severe cerebral palsy: a preliminary review. J Bone Joint Surg Br 83(8):1161–1167

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Palisano R, Rosenbaum P, Walter S et al (1997) Development and reliability of a system to classify gross motor function in children with cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol 39(4):214–223

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Park MS, Chung CY, Kwon DG et al (2012) Prophylactic femoral varization osteotomy for contralateral stable hips in non-ambulant individuals with cerebral palsy undergoing hip surgery: decision analysis. Dev Med Child Neurol 54(3):231–239

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pencharz J, Young NL, Owen JL et al (2001) Comparison of three outcome instruments in children. J Pediatr Orthop 21:425–432

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Phelps WM (1957) Long-term results of orthopaedic surgery in cerebral palsy. J Bone Joint Surg 39:53–59

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pierrot AH, Murphy OB (1974) Albert E. Klinkicht Award, 1972. Heel cord advancement: a new approach to the spastic equinus deformity. Orth Clin North Am 5(1):117–126

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pollock G (1975) Assessment of the results of surgery in cerebral palsy. In: Samilson RL (Hrsg) Orthopaedic aspects of cerebral palsy. Clinics in developmental medicine no 52/53. Spastics international. W. Heinemann, London, S 275–281

    Google Scholar 

  • Ridgewell E, Dobson F, Bach T et al (2010) A systematic review to determine best practice reporting guidelines for AFO interventions in studies involving children with cerebral palsy. Prosthet Orthot Int 34(2):129–145

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rosenbaum PL (1992) Clinically based outcomes for children with cerebral palsy. In: Sussman MD (Hrsg) The diplegic child. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, Rosemont, Illinois, S 125–132

    Google Scholar 

  • Russell DJ, Rosenbaum PL (1989) The gross motor function measure: a means to evaluate the effects of physical therapy. Dev Med Child Neurol 31:341–352

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rutz E, Gaston MS, Camathias C et al (2012a) Distal femoral osteotomy using the LCP pediatric condylar 90-degree plate in patients with neuromuscular disorders. J Pediatr Orthop 32(3):295–300

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rutz E, Passmore E, Baker R et al (2012b) Multilevel surgery improves gait in spastic hemiplegia but does not resolve hip dysplasia. Clin Orthop Relat Res 470(5):1294–1302

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schneider JW, Guricharri LM, Gutjerrez AI et al (2001) Health related quality of life and functional outcome measures for children with cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol 43:601–608

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schwartz MH, Rozumalski A (2008) The gait deviation index: a new comprehensive index of gait pathology. Gait Posture 28:351–357

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schwartz MH, Viehweger E (2003) Comprehensive treatment of ambulatory children with cerebral palsy: an outcome assessment. J Pediatr Orthop 24:45–53

    Google Scholar 

  • Shelly A, Davis E, Waters E et al (2008) The relationship between quality of life and functioning for children with cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol 50:199–203

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shore BJ, White N, Kerr Graham H (2010) Surgical correction of equinus deformity in children with cerebral palsy: a systematic review. J Child Orthop 4(4):277–290

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Steel HH (1980) Gluteus medius and minimus insertion advancement for correction of internal rotation gait in spastic cerebral palsy. J Bone Joint Surg Am 62(6):919–927

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stott NS, Piedrahita L (2004) Effects of surgical adductor releases for hip subluxation in cerebral palsy: an AACPDM evidence report. Dev Med Child Neurol 46:628–645

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Svehlík M, Kraus T, Steinwender G et al (2012) The Baumann procedure to correct equinus gait in children with diplegic cerebral palsy: long-term results. J Bone Joint Surg Br 94(8):1143–1147

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tarsuslu T, Livanelioglu A (2010) Relationship between quality of life and functional status of young adults and adults with cerebral palsy. Disabil Rehabil 32(20):1658–1665

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Terjesen T, Lange JE, Steen H (2000) Treatment of scoliosis with spinal bracing in quadriplegic cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol 42(7):448–454

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Thom H (1982) Orthopädische Berhandlung. In: Thom H (Hrsg) Die infantilen Zerebralparesen, 2. Aufl. Thieme, Stuttgart, S 209–317

    Google Scholar 

  • Thomason P, Harvey A, Graham HK et al (2009) Measurement tools and methods. In: Gage JR, Schwartz MH, Koop SE (Hrsg) The identification and treatment of gait problems in cerebral palsy, 2. Aufl. Clinics in developmental medicine, Bd. 180–181. Mac Keith Press, London, S 581–604

    Google Scholar 

  • Trivedi R, Gupta RK, Shah V et al (2008) Treatment-induced plasticity in cerebral palsy: a diffusion tensor imaging study. Pediatr Neurol 39(5):341–349

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tubby AH, Jones R (1903) Modern methods in the surgery of paralyses. Macmillan, London, S 197–243

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Gestel L, Molenaers G, Huenaerts C et al (2008) Effect of dynamic orthoses on gait: a retrospective control study in children with hemiplegia. Dev Med Child Neurol 50:63–67

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vargus-Adams JN, Martin LK, Maignan SH et al (2011) The GMFM, PEDI and CP-QOL and perspectives on functioning from children with CP, parents and medical professionals. Pediatr Rehabil Med 4(1):3–12

    Google Scholar 

  • Varni JW, Seid M, Kurtin PS et al (2001) The PedsQL 4.0 reliability and validity of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory version 4.0 generic core scales in healthy and patient populations. Med Care 39(8):800–812

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vitale MG, Roye EA (2005) Assessment of health status in patients with cerebral palsy. J Pediatr Orthop 25:792–797

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Willoughby K, Ang SG, Thomason P et al (2012) The impact of botulinum toxin A and abduction bracing on long-term hip development in children with cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol 54(8):743–747

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson NC, Chang J, Mackey AH et al (2014) Reported outcomes of lower limb orthopaedic surgery in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy: a mapping review. Dev Med Child Neurol 56(9):808–814 (Zugegriffen: 21. August 2014) doi:10.1111/dmcn.12431

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Winters TF, Gage JR, Hicks R (1987) Gait patterns in spastic hemiplegia in children and young adults. J Bone Joint Surg 69 A:437–441

    Google Scholar 

  • Woon K, Tsegaye M, Vloeberghs MH (2007) The role of intrathecal baclofen in the management of primary and secondary dystonia in children. Br J Neurosurg 21(4):355–358

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang JG, Zhang K, Wang ZC et al (2006) Deep brain stimulation in the treatment of secondary dystonia. Chin Med J (Engl) 119(24):2069–2074

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Orthopädische Kinderklinik, Behandlungszentrum Aschau GmbH, Orthopädische Kinderklinik, Aschau im Chiemgau, Deutschland

    Leonhard Döderlein

Authors
  1. Leonhard Döderlein
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Leonhard Döderlein .

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2015 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Döderlein, L. (2015). Wirkungsnachweise und Evaluation der Therapien. In: Infantile Zerebralparese. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35319-2_9

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35319-2_9

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-35318-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-35319-2

  • eBook Packages: Medicine (German Language)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation