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Applying the Techniques on Materials II

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Conservation Science for the Cultural Heritage

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Chemistry ((LNC,volume 79))

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Abstract

Back-scattered Scanning Electron Microscopy (BSEM) has been used to identify weathering mechanisms occurring in two oolitic limestones from urban areas in London and Cambridge, United Kingdom. From a petrographical point of view, the two stones can be described as oosparite and oomicrite, their main distinctive feature being the crystal size of the cement binding the limestone grains together. The sulphation mechanism, i.e. the replacement of calcium carbonate (calcite: CaCO3) by calcium sulphate dehydrate (gypsum: CaSO4 2H2O), at the surface and within the stone fabric is confirmed as the general decay process. Differences in macroporosity/permeability distribution in the two limestones lead to different weathering patterns. BSEM provides evidence that gypsum patinas still commonly found on limestone facades in polluted urban locations are advancing inside the diseased stone and that their removal is urgently needed to arrest the growth of the in-growing weathering front.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Evora Geophysics Centre and Hercules Laboratory for the Study and Conservation of Cultural Heritage, University of Evora, Largo Marqués do Marialva 8, 7000-809, Evora, Portugal

    Nick Schiavon

  2. Department of Mineralogy-Petrology-Economic Geology, School of Geology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece

    Vasilios Melfos

  3. Department of Chemistry, Dresden University of Technology, 01062, Dresden, Germany

    Reiner Salzer & Renate Lunkwitz

  4. Department of Physics, School of Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece

    K. Chrysafis

  5. School of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece

    P. Spathis, D. Merachtsaki, K. Triantafyllidis, P. Giannakoudakis & P. Xidas

  6. Department SBAI Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy

    Giovanni Ettore Gigante

  7. Ars Mensurae, Rome, Italy

    Stefano Ridolfi

  8. ICMA (CSIC-University of Zaragoza), Maria de Luna, 3, E50018, Zaragoza, Spain

    R. Lahoz, L. A. Angurel, L. C. Estepa & G. F. de la Fuente Leis

  9. Institut für Strahlwerkzeuge, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 43, D70569, Stuttgart, Germany

    U. Brauch

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  1. Nick Schiavon
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  2. Vasilios Melfos
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Correspondence to Nick Schiavon , Nick Schiavon , Vasilios Melfos , Reiner Salzer , K. Chrysafis , P. Spathis or Giovanni Ettore Gigante .

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  1. , Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece

    Evangelia A. Varella

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Schiavon, N. et al. (2012). Applying the Techniques on Materials II. In: Varella, E. (eds) Conservation Science for the Cultural Heritage. Lecture Notes in Chemistry, vol 79. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30985-4_6

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