Abstract
Self-similar beams are by far the most prominent class of laser beams as they are natural solutions to the resonator problem and hence widely available as output of commercial and research lasers.
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Notes
- 1.
The use of “vertical” and “horizontal” is connected with the definition of the elliptical coordinates in Sect. 6.1. For experimental applications the system of coordinates can, of course, be rotated by any arbitrary angle.
- 2.
In the following, we assume that the qualitative behaviour of strongly focused IG beams is reasonably described within the paraxial regime. A brief discussion on the validity of this approximation in optical trapping scenarios is provided in Sect. 2.4.
- 3.
Typical microparticles like silica spheres and also silicate glass surfaces exhibit negative surface charges in aqueous solutions (Behrens and Grier 2001). If the solvent has very low ionic strength, like pure water, the repelling forces due to the electric double layers (Israelachvili 2011) usually maintain a separation between particles and surface and thus suppress other short-range interactions and the particles are free to move along the surface.
- 4.
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Woerdemann, M. (2012). Ince-Gaussian Beams for the Optical Organisation of Microparticles. In: Structured Light Fields. Springer Theses. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29323-8_6
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