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The Use of Photosynthetic Fluorescence Parameters from Autotrophic Biofilms for Monitoring the Effect of Chemicals in River Ecosystems

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Emerging and Priority Pollutants in Rivers

Part of the book series: The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry ((HEC,volume 19))

Abstract

Photosynthetic processes play a key role in aquatic ecosystems. These processes are highly sensitive to the presence of toxicants, leading to an increase in their use as ecotoxicological endpoints. The use of chlorophyll-a fluorescence techniques to assess the impact of toxicants on the photosynthesis of the autotrophic component of fluvial biofilms has increased in the last decades. However, these photosynthetic endpoints are not currently used in water quality monitoring programs.

A review of the currently available literature—including studies dealing with toxicity assessment of both priority and emerging compounds—allowed the discussion of the pros and cons of their use as ecotoxicological endpoints in fluvial systems as well as their inclusion in regular monitoring programs.

Chlorophyll-a fluorescence measurements have the ability to detect effects of a large panel of chemical substances on the photosynthetic processes of fluvial biofilms, covering both functional and structural aspects of the biofilm community. Moreover, they might provide early warning signals of toxic effects.

Thus, the application of the chlorophyll-a fluorescence measurement is recommended as a complementary measurement of toxic stress in aquatic ecosystems. Their application is of special interest in the context of the Water Framework Directive (WFD, Directive 2000/60/EC), where the development of new structural and functional endpoints of the biological quality elements (e.g., biofilms) is required.

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Abbreviations

AL:

Actinic light

BQE:

Biological quality element

F:

Fluorescence yield at the maximal reduced state

Fe:

Ferrodoxin

Fm:

Maximal fluorescence yield

Fm′:

Fluorescence yield at actinic light steady state

Fo:

Minimal fluorescence yield

Fo(Bl):

Fluorescence signal linked to cyanobacteria group

Fo(Br):

Fluorescence signal linked to diatoms’ algal group

Fo(Gr):

Fluorescence signal linked to green-algae algal group

Fo/Fv:

Efficiency of the water-splitting apparatus of PSII

Fo′:

Fluorescence yield when actinic light is omitted

Fv:

Variable fluorescence yield

Fv/2:

Fluorescence measurment of plastoquinone pool

ML:

Measuring light

NPQ:

Non-photochemical quenching without measuring Fo′

PAM:

Pulse amplitude modulated

PEA:

Plant efficiency analyzer

Pheo:

Pheophytin

PQ:

Plastoquinone pool

PQA :

Plastoquinone A

PQB :

Plastoquinone B

PS:

Photosystem

PSI:

Photosystem I

PSII:

Photosystem II

qN:

Non-photochemical quenching

qP:

Photochemical quenching

SP:

Saturation pulse

UQDrel :

Relative unquenched fluorescence

WFD:

Water framework directive

Φ′PSII :

Effective quantum yield of PSII

Φ PSII :

Maximal quantum yield of PSII

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank the authors of publications [20, 23, 29] to give us the permission to use some of their figures to illustrate PAM applications on biofilms. Also we thank Ulrich Schreiber to give us the permission to use a figure of his publication [89] to illustrate the typical chl-a fluorescence kinetics. This study was financed by the European project KEYBIOEFFECTS (MRTN-CT-2006-035695) and the Spanish project FLUVIALMULTISTRESS (CTM2009-14111-CO2-01).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental Sciences, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, Campus de Montilivi, 17071, Girona, Spain

    Natàlia Corcoll, Marta Ricart & Helena Guasch

  2. Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Scientific and Technologic Park of the University of Girona, 17003, Girona, Spain

    Marta Ricart

  3. Department of Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany

    Stephanie Franz, Frédéric Sans-Piché & Mechthild Schmitt-Jansen

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  1. Natàlia Corcoll
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  2. Marta Ricart
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Correspondence to Natàlia Corcoll .

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  1. , Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi, Girona, 17071, Spain

    Helena Guasch

  2. , Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, c/ Jordi Girona 18-26, Barcelona, 08034, Spain

    Antoni Ginebreda

  3. , Institut d'Ecologia Aquàtica, Universidad de Girona, Campus Montilivi, Girona, 17071, Spain

    Anita Geiszinger

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© 2012 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

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Corcoll, N., Ricart, M., Franz, S., Sans-Piché, F., Schmitt-Jansen, M., Guasch, H. (2012). The Use of Photosynthetic Fluorescence Parameters from Autotrophic Biofilms for Monitoring the Effect of Chemicals in River Ecosystems. In: Guasch, H., Ginebreda, A., Geiszinger, A. (eds) Emerging and Priority Pollutants in Rivers. The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry(), vol 19. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-25722-3_4

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