Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Ökosystem und Biodiversität

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Nachhaltigkeitswissenschaften

  • 24k Accesses

Zusammenfassung

Die Bedeutung von Ökosystemen wird erläutert, wobei eine intensive Auseinandersetzung mit Biodiversität erfolgt. Dabei werden Stoffkreisläufe in Ökosystemen und nachhaltige Nutzung ausführlich diskutiert. Schließlich geht es um den Einfluss des globalen Wandels auf Ökosysteme und Biodiversität.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 69.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    Aves: VÖgel, Sori: Spitzmäuse, Cara: Laufkäfer, Chil: Hundertfüßer, Aran: Spinnen, Stap: Kurzflügler, Gama: Raubmilben, Nema: Fadenwürmer, Lumb: Regenwürmer, Gast: Schnecken, Dipl: Hundertfüßer, Isop: Asseln, Dipt: Fliegen (Larven), Ench: Enchyträiden, Coll: Springschwänze, Orib: Hornmilben, Prot: Urtiere, Litt: Streu, Fungi: Pilze, Bact: Bakterien, Detr: Detritus

  2. 2.

    Endungen, die fur die Range der Über- und Unterfamilie, Familie und Tribus charakteristisch sind, sind unterstrichen. Bei Art-, Unterart- und Gattungsnamen werden oft auch die Autoren angefuhrt, die erstmals das betreffende Taxon beschrieben haben. Dargestellt ist nur ein Teil der hierarchischen Einordnung, denn die Arthropoden werden zu den Tieren (Animalia) gestellt und diese bilden mit zahlreichen Pflanzen und Pilzen die Vielzeller (Metazoa)

  3. 3.

    Aus manchen Gruppen sind bisher nur relativ wenige Arten beschrieben worden. Die tatsachlichen Artenzahlen liegen fur diese und andere Taxa deutlich hoher (z. B. Bakterien: ca. 5000 Arten, nicht dargestellt)

Literatur

  • Barthlott W, Hostert A, Kie, G, Koper W, Kreft H, Mutke J, Rafiqpoor MD, Sommer JH (2007) Geographic patterns of vascular plant diversity at continental to global scales. Erdkunde 61:305–315

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bellwood DR, Meyer CP (2009) Searching for heat in a marine biodiversity hotspot. J Biogeogr 36:569–576

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brändle M, Brandl R (2003) Species richness on trees: a comparison of parasitic fungi and insects. Evol Ecol Res 5:941–952

    Google Scholar 

  • Brandt A, Gooday AJ, Brandao SN, Brix S, Brokeland W, Cedhagen T, Choudhury M, Cornelius N, Danis B, De Mesel I, Diaz RJ, Gillan DC, Ebbe B, Howe JA, Janussen D, Kaiser S, Linse K, Malyutina M, Pawlowski J, Raupach M, Vanreusel A (2007) First insights into the biodiversity and biogeography of the Southern ocean deep sea. Nature 447:307–311

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Buse J, Ranius T, Assmann T (2008) An endangered longhorn beetle associated with old oaks and its possible role as an ecosystem engineer. Conserv Biol 22:329–337

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cardinale BJ, Srivastava DS, Duffy JE, Wright JP, Downing AL, Sankaran M, Jouseau C (2006) Effects of biodiversity on the functioning of trophic groups and ecosystems. Nature 443:989–992

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Claridge MF, Dawah HA, Wilson MR (1997) Species: The units of biodiversity. Chapman and Hall, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Den Boer PJ (1990) Density limits and survival of local populations in 64 carabid species with different powers of dispersal. J Evol Biol 3:19–48

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Den Boer PJ, Van Dijk TS (1994). Carabid beetles in a changing environment. Wagening Agric Univ Pap 94(6):1–30

    Google Scholar 

  • Devictor V, van Swaay C, Brereton T, Brotons L, Chamberlain D, Heliölä J, Herrando S, Julliard R, Kuussaari M, Lindstrom A, Reif J, Roy DB, Schweiger O, Settele J, Stefanescu C, Van Strien A, Van Turnhout C, Vermouzek Z, WallisDeVries M, Wynhoff I, Jiguet F (2012) Differences in the climatic debts of birds and butterflies at a continental scale. Nat Clim Chang 2:121–124

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dieker P, Drees C, Assmann T (2011) Two high-mountain burnet moth species (Lepidoptera, Zygaenidae) react differently to the global change drivers climate and land-use. Biol Conserv 144:2810–2818

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Erwin T (2007) A treatise on the Western Hemisphere Carabidae (Coleoptera). Their classification, distribution s and ways of life. Volume 1. Trachypachidae, Carabidae-Nebriiformes. Pensoft, Sofia

    Google Scholar 

  • Estes JA, Duggins DO (1995) Sea otters and kelp forests in Alaska — generality and variation in community ecological paradigm. Ecol Monogr 65:75–100

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Frankham R, Ballou JD, Briscoe DA (2002) Introduction to conservation genetics. Univ. Press, Cambridge

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Groom MJ, Meffe GK, Carroll CR (2006) Principles of conservation biology. Sinauer Ass, Sunderland

    Google Scholar 

  • Hamilton AJ, Basset Y, Benke KK, Grimbacher PS, Miller SE, Novotny V, Samuelson GA, Stork NE, Weiblen GD, Yen JDL (2010) Quantifying uncertainty in estimation of tropical arthropod species richness. Am Nat 176:90–95

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hanski I (1991) The dung insect community. In: Hanski I Cambefort Y (Hrsg) Dung beetle ecology. Princeton University Press, Princeton, S 5–21

    Google Scholar 

  • Henson R (2011) The rough guide to climate change. Rough Guides, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Hickling R, Roy DB, Hill JK, Fox R, Thomas CD (2006) The distributions of a wide range of taxonomic groups are expanding polewards. Glob Chang Biol 12:450–455

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hooper DU, Chapin FS, Ewel JJ, Hector A, Inchausti P, Lavorel S, Lawton JH, Lodge DM, Loreau M, Naeem S, Schmid B, Setala H, Symstad AJ, Vandermeer J, Wardle DA (2005) Effects of biodiversity on ecosystem functioning: a consensus of current knowledge. Ecol Monogr 75:3–35

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Huber C, Molenda R (2004) Nebria (Nebriola) praegensis sp. nov., ein Periglazialrelikt im Süd-Schwarzwald/Deutschland, mit Beschreibung der Larven (Insecta, Coleoptera, Carabidae). Contributions to natural history. Sci pap Nat Hist Mus Bern 4:1–28

    Google Scholar 

  • Isbell F, Calcagno V, Hector A, Connolly J, Harpole WS, Reich PB, Scherer-Lorenzen M, Schmid B, Tilman D, van Ruijven J, Weigelt A, Wilsey BJ, Zavaleta ES, Loreau M (2011) High plant diversity is needed to maintain ecosystem services. Nature 477:199–202

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Knowlton N (2001) The future of coral reefs. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98:5419–5425

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kratochwil A, Schwabe A (2001) Ökologie der Lebensgemeinschaften. Ulmer, Stuttgart

    Google Scholar 

  • Krebs CJ (2009) Ecology. Pearson, San Francisco

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuker K, Barrett-Lennard L (2010) A re-evaluation of the role of killer whales Orcinus orca in a population decline of sea otters Enhydra lutris in the Aleutian Islands and a review of alternative hypotheses. Mamm Rev 40:103–124

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lenoir J, Gegout JC, Marquet PA, de Ruffray P, Brisse H (2008) A significant upward shift in plant species optimum elevation during the 20th century. Science 320:1768–1771

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Luyssaert S, Schulze E-D, Börner A, Knohl A, Hessenmöller D, Law BE, Ciais P, Grace J (2008) Old-growth forests as global carbon sinks. Nature 455:213–215

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • May R M (2010) Tropical arthropod species, more or less? Science 329:41–42

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • May RM, Levin SA, Sugihara G (2008) Ecology for bankers. Nature 451:893–895

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McGlynn TP, Salinas DJ, Dunn RR, Wood TE, Lawrence D, Clark DA (2007) Phosphorus limits tropical rain forest litter fauna. Biotropica 39:50–53

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McLean M, Parkinson D (1998) Impacts of the epigeic earthworm Dendrobaena octaedra on oribatid mite community diversity and microarthropod abundances in pine forest floor: a mesocosm study. Appl Soil Ecol 7:125–136

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Myers N, Mittermeier RA, Mittermeier CG, da Fonseca GAB, Kent J (2000) Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. Nature 403:853–858

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nentwig W, Bacher S, Brandl R (2011) Ökologie kompakt. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg

    Google Scholar 

  • Nick KJ, Löpmeier F-J, Schiff H, Blankenburg J, Gebhard J, Knabke C, Weber HE, Främbs H, Mossakowski D (2001) Moorregeneration im Leegmoor/Emsland nach Schwarztorfabbau und Wiedervernässung. Angew Landschaftsökologie 38:204

    Google Scholar 

  • Obrien SJ, Roelke ME, Marker L, Newman A, Winkler CA, Meltzer D, Colly L, Evermann JF, Bush M, Wildt DE (1985) Genetic basis for species vulnerability in the cheetah. Science 227:1428–1434

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Quante M (2010) Climate Modifications. In: Habel JC, Assmann T (Eds) Relict species: phylogeography and conservation biology. Springer, Berlin, S 9–56

    Google Scholar 

  • Room PM (1990) Ecology of a simple plant-herbivore system: Biological control of Salvinia. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 5

    Google Scholar 

  • Scheu S, Schaefer M (1998) Bottom-up control of the soil macrofauna community in a beechwood on limestone: Manipulation of food resources. Ecology 79:1573–1585

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schmitz OJ (2008) Effects of predator hunting mode on grassland ecosystem function. Science 319:952–954

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schuldt A, Assmann T (2010) Invertebrate diversity and national responsibility for species conservation across Europe—a multi-taxon approach. Biol Conserv 143:2747–2756

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schulze E-D, Beck E, Müller-Hohenstein K (2002) Plant ecology. Springer, Heidelberg

    Google Scholar 

  • Schweiger O, Settele J, Kudrna O, Klotz S, Kuhn I (2008) Climate change can cause spatial mismatch of trophically interacting species. Ecology 89:3472–3479

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sheppard CRC, Davy SK, Pilling GM (2009) The biology of coral reefs. Oxford University Press, Oxford

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Sherry RA, Zhou XH, Gu SL, Arnone JA, Schimel DS, Verburg PS, Wallace LL, Luo YQ (2007) Divergence of reproductive phenology under climate warming. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 104:198–202

    Google Scholar 

  • Sitte P, Weiler EW, Kadereit JW, Bresinsky A, Körner C (2002) Strasburger. Lehrbuch der Botanik. Spektrum, Heidelberg

    Google Scholar 

  • Skidmore P (1991) Insects of the British cow-dung community. Field Studies Council, Shrewsbury

    Google Scholar 

  • Speight MCD (1989) Saproxylic invertebrates and their conservation. Council of Europe. Nat environ ser 42:1–79

    Google Scholar 

  • Tylianakis JM, Didham RK, Bascompte J, Wardle DA (2008) Global change and species interactions in terrestrial ecosystems. Ecol Lett 11:1351–1363

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • WBGU – Wissenschaftlicher Beirat der Bundesregierung Globale Umweltveränderungen (1999) Welt im Wandel: Strategien zur Bewältigung globaler Umweltrisiken. Jahresgutachten 1998. Springer, Heidelberg

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Westheide W, Rieger R (1996) Spezielle Zoologie. Fischer, Stuttgart

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilson EO (1986) Biodiversity. National Academic Press, Washington

    Google Scholar 

  • Yachi S, Loreau M (1999) Biodiversity and ecosystem productivity in a fluctuating environment: the insurance hypothesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96:1463–1468

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Fakultät Nachhaltigkeit, Leuphana Universität Lüneburg, Lüneburg, Deutschland

    Thorsten Assmann, Werner Härdtle, Alexandra Klein, Andreas Schuldt & Goddert von Oheimb

  2. zoologisches Institut, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Deutschland

    Claudia Drees

Authors
  1. Thorsten Assmann
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Claudia Drees
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Werner Härdtle
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Alexandra Klein
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Andreas Schuldt
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Goddert von Oheimb
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Thorsten Assmann .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Universität Lüneburg Inst. Umweltkommunikation, Lüneburg, Germany

    Harald Heinrichs

  2. Institute for Environmental and Sustaina Leuphana Universität Lüneburg, Lueneburg, Germany

    Gerd Michelsen

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2014 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Assmann, T., Drees, C., Härdtle, W., Klein, A., Schuldt, A., von Oheimb, G. (2014). Ökosystem und Biodiversität. In: Heinrichs, H., Michelsen, G. (eds) Nachhaltigkeitswissenschaften. Springer Spektrum, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-25112-2_5

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation