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The Role of RanGTP Gradient in Vertebrate Oocyte Maturation

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Cell Cycle in Development

Part of the book series: Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation ((RESULTS))

Abstract

The maturation of vertebrate oocyte into haploid gamete, the egg, consists of two specialized asymmetric cell divisions with no intervening S-phase. Ran GTPase has an essential role in relaying the active role of chromosomes in their own segregation by the meiotic process. In addition to its conserved role as a key regulator of macromolecular transport between nucleus and cytoplasm, Ran has important functions during cell division, including in mitotic spindle assembly and in the assembly of nuclear envelope at the exit from mitosis. The cellular functions of Ran are mediated by RanGTP interactions with nuclear transport receptors (NTRs) related to importin β and depend on the existence of chromosome-centered RanGTP gradient. Live imaging with FRET biosensors indeed revealed the existence of RanGTP gradient throughout mouse oocyte maturation. NTR-dependent transport of cell cycle regulators including cyclin B1, Wee2, and Cdc25B between the oocyte cytoplasm and germinal vesicle (GV) is required for normal resumption of meiosis. After GVBD in mouse oocytes, RanGTP gradient is required for timely meiosis I (MI) spindle assembly and provides long-range signal directing egg cortex differentiation. However, RanGTP gradient is not required for MI spindle migration and may be dispensable for MI spindle function in chromosome segregation. In contrast, MII spindle assembly and function in maturing mouse and Xenopus laevis eggs depend on RanGTP gradient, similar to X. laevis MII-derived egg extracts.

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Acknowledgments

JM acknowledges that support for work on meiotic maturation in the context of IRP IAPG #AV0Z50450515 was provided by grants 301/09/J036 (Czech Science Foundation) and ME 08030 (Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports). PK was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the Center for Cancer Research, NCI, National Institutes of Health.

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  1. Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4256, USA

    Petr Kaláb

  2. Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rumburska 89, 27721, Libechov, Czech Republic

    Petr Šolc & Jan Motlík

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  1. CNRS UMR 6061, Fac. Médecine, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes CX, 35043, France

    Jacek Z. Kubiak

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Kaláb, P., Šolc, P., Motlík, J. (2011). The Role of RanGTP Gradient in Vertebrate Oocyte Maturation. In: Kubiak, J. (eds) Cell Cycle in Development. Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-19065-0_12

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