1 Introduction
Granular and powdery products are often treated in contact equipment of various geometrical configurations (tray, paddle, drum, etc.). Heat transfer from the wall of the apparatus to the bed, or vice versa, is essential for this kind of processing and will, therefore, be discussed in the present chapter. Immersed surfaces such as the shaft of stirring devices may be used additionally to the apparatus wall for heating or cooling. Modelling of heat transfer will be presented in Sects. 2–5 on the basis of a model that considers the bed of particles as one continuous phase. This is usually called the penetration model. The heat exchanged between the wall and the bed may be used to just change bed temperature. Alternatively, a part of the supplied heat may be consumed for phase change or chemical reaction in the interior of the bed. These two cases will be distinguished, describing the former as heat transfer to beds without latent sinks (Sect. 2) and the latter as heat...
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9 Bibliography
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Tsotsas, E. (2010). M6 Heat Transfer from a Wall to Stagnant and Mechanically Agitated Beds. In: VDI Heat Atlas. VDI-Buch. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-77877-6_99
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