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Bacterial Biofilms pp 207–228Cite as

Staphylococcal Biofilms

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Part of the book series: Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology ((CT MICROBIOLOGY,volume 322))

Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus are the most frequent causes of nosocomial infections and infections on indwelling medical devices, which characteristically involve biofilms. Recent advances in staphylococcal molecular biology have provided more detailed insight into the basis of biofilm formation in these opportunistic pathogens. A series of surface proteins mediate initial attachment to host matrix proteins, which is followed by the expression of a cationic glucosamine-based exopolysaccharide that aggregates the bacterial cells. In some cases, proteins may function as alternative aggregating substances. Furthermore, surfactant peptides have now been recognized as key factors involved in generating the three-dimensional structure of a staphylococcal biofilm by cellcell disruptive forces, which eventually may lead to the detachment of entire cell clusters. Transcriptional profiling experiments have defined the specific physiology of staphylococcal biofilms and demonstrated that biofilm resistance to antimicrobials is due to gene-regulated processes. Finally, novel animal models of staphylococcal biofilm-associated infection have given us important information on which factors define biofilm formation in vivo. These recent advances constitute an important basis for the development of anti-staphylococcal drugs and vaccines.

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  1. Laboratory of Human Bacterial Pathogenesis, The National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA

    M. Otto

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  1. Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Rd, 30322, Atlanta, GA, USA

    Tony Romeo

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Otto, M. (2008). Staphylococcal Biofilms. In: Romeo, T. (eds) Bacterial Biofilms. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, vol 322. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-75418-3_10

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