Abstract
A formal language approach for the specification of ALife models is presented. “Relational Growth Grammars” incorporate rule-based, procedural and object-oriented concepts. By enabling parametric Lindenmayer systems to rewrite multiscaled graphs, it becomes possible to represent genes, plant organs and populations as well as developmental aspects of these entities in a common formal framework. Genetic operators (mutation, crossing-over, selection) take the form of simple graph rewrite rules. This is illustrated using Richard Dawkins’ “biomorphs”, whereas other applications are briefly sketched. The formalism is implemented as part of an interactive software platform.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Buck-Sorlin, G.H., Bachmann, K.: Simulating the morphology of barley spike phenotypes using genotype information. Agronomie: Plant Genetics and Breeding 20, 691–702 (2000), http://taxon.ipk-gatersleben.de
Dassow, J., Mitrana, V.: Evolutionary grammars: A grammatical model for genome evolution. In: Hofestädt, R., Löffler, M., Schomburg, D., Lengauer, T. (eds.) GCB 1996. LNCS, vol. 1278, pp. 199–209. Springer, Heidelberg (1997)
Dawkins, R.: The Blind Watchmaker. Longman, Harlow (1986)
Dawkins, R.: The Evolution of Evolvability. In: Langton, C. (ed.) Artificial Life. SFI Studies in the Sciences of Complexity, pp. 201–220. Addison-Wesley, Reading (1988)
de Boer, M.J.M., Lindenmayer, A.: Map OL-Systems with Edge Label Control: Comparison of Marker and Cyclic Systems. In: Ehrig, H., Nagl, M., Rosenfeld, A., Rozenberg, G. (eds.) Graph Grammars 1986. LNCS, vol. 291, pp. 378–392. Springer, Heidelberg (1987)
Fontana, W.: Algorithmic chemistry. In: Langton, C.G., Taylor, C., Farmer, J.D., Rasmussen, S. (eds.) Artificial Life II. SFI Studies in the Sciences of Complexity, pp. 159–209. Addison-Wesley, Reading (1991)
Gardner, M.: Wheels, Life, and Other Mathematical Amusements. W.H. Freeman, New York (1983)
Godin, C., Caraglio, Y.: A multiscale model of plant topological structures. J. Theor. Biol. 191, 1–46 (1998)
Kim, J.: transsys: A Generic Formalism for Modelling Regulatory Networks in Morphogenesis. In: Kelemen, J., Sosík, P. (eds.) ECAL 2001. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 2159, pp. 242–251. Springer, Heidelberg (2001)
Kurth, W.: Growth Grammar Interpreter GROGRA 2.4: A software tool for the 3-dimensional interpretation of stochastic, sensitive growth grammars in the context of plant modelling. Introduction and Reference Manual. Berichte des Forschungszentrums Waldökosysteme der Universität Göttingen, Ser. B 38, 190 (1994)
Lane, B., Prusinkiewicz, P.: Generating spatial distributions for multilevel models of plant communities. In: Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2002, Calgary (Can.), May 27–29, pp. 69–80 (2002)
Lindenmayer, A.: Mathematical models for cellular interactions in development, Parts I and II. J. Theor. Biol. 18, 280–315 (1968)
Mech, R., Prusinkiewicz, P.: Visual models of plants interacting with their environment. In: ACM SIGGRAPH 1996, New Orleans, pp. 397–410. ACM, New York (1996)
Prusinkiewicz, P., Hanan, J., Mech, R.: An L-system-based plant modeling language. In: Münch, M., Nagl, M. (eds.) AGTIVE 1999. LNCS, vol. 1779, pp. 395–410. Springer, Heidelberg (2000)
Prusinkiewicz, P., Lindenmayer, A.: The Algorithmic Beauty of Plants. Springer, New York (1990)
Prusinkiewicz, P., Mündermann, L., Karwowski, R., Lane, B.: The use of positional information in the modeling of plants. In: ACM SIGGRAPH 2001, Los Angeles, pp. 289–300. ACM, New York (2001)
Rozenberg, G.: T0L systems and languages. Information and Control 23, 357–381 (1973)
Schürr, A.: Programmed Graph Replacement Systems. –. In: Rozenberg, G. (ed.) Handbook on Graph Grammars, Foundations, vol. 1, pp. 479–546. World Scientific, Singapore (1997)
Skusa, A., Banzhaf, W., Busch, J., Dittrich, P., Ziegler, J.: Künstliche Chemie. Künstliche Intelligenz 1/00, 12–19 (2000)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2003 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Kniemeyer, O., Buck-Sorlin, G.H., Kurth, W. (2003). Representation of Genotype and Phenotype in a Coherent Framework Based on Extended L-Systems. In: Banzhaf, W., Ziegler, J., Christaller, T., Dittrich, P., Kim, J.T. (eds) Advances in Artificial Life. ECAL 2003. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 2801. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-39432-7_67
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-39432-7_67
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-20057-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-39432-7
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive