Abstract
The prevalence of diabetes in the Arab world increased greatly during the past two decades, largely due to adaptation to Western lifestyles and poor dietary choices. Diabetes in the Arab world is estimated to double in 2035. Hereditary risk factors play a key role in the uncontrolled prevalence of diabetes in the Middle East. However, obesity and a lack of exercise cannot be ignored as factors in the swift rise of diabetes in the Arab world. Half of the patients suffering from diabetes are unaware of their condition and are at great risk of diabetic complications; such patients are a large component of the high rates of morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients in the Arab world. The majority of costs associated with diabetes relate to treatments of diabetic complications. Therefore, early treatment in diabetes is important both for health as well as in reducing long-term costs. This chapter discusses the chronic complications of diabetes by dividing them into microvascular and macrovascular diseases, where microvascular complications have a higher prevalence. Microvascular complications involve nephropathy, neuropathy, and retinopathy, while macrovascular complications include stroke, cardiovascular diseases, and peripheral artery diseases. There is an urgent need to fight the spread of diabetes in the Arab world considering the epidemic of diabetes in the region.
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References
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Khan, R., Siddiqui, A.A., Alshammary, F., Shaikh, S., Amin, J., Rathore, H.A. (2021). Diabetes in the Arab World. In: Laher, I. (eds) Handbook of Healthcare in the Arab World. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74365-3_41-1
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