Abstract
Since the beginning of the second half of the twentieth century, an important change has been taking place in western society regarding the relationship between humans and animals – i.e. pets, wild animals and livestock. We wonder if changes in progress can be interpreted as a crisis in naturalism, and we will try to reflect on whether, and how, the relationship of naturalism with other ontologies, first of all animism, can be used as a lens in order to understand the sense and direction of the ongoing processes. We will focus on domestic animals and pet food, because food represents a mediator of extraordinary relevance in human-animal relations. We analysed the packaging of a collection of pet food products which are currently on the market in Italy and Europe. The body of material chosen was examined in order to find answers to the following research questions: What pet food values are being promoted by the producer? What kind of consumer, either human or animal, is being profiled? And what kind of human/animal relationship is being recognised and promoted by the pet food producer? The human-animal relation which is prevailingly recognised and appreciated by pet food producers is one of affectionate and responsible control, while the dialogic relationship, which still appears, is both as radically innovative as it is minor.
This chapter is the result of the combined research by the authors who compared and integrated their different methodological, sociological and semiotic skill sets; the article was written by Giulia Cecchelin (paragraphs 2.1 and 2.2) and Roberta Bartoletti (paragraphs 1 and 3).
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Notes
- 1.
The further two ontologies identified by Descola (2005) are totemism, “a mode of identification founded on an interspecies continuity of both physicalities and interiorities” (p. 160), and analogism, “the grouping within every existing entity of a plurality of aspects the right coordination of which is believed to be necessary for the stabilization of that entity’s individual identity” (p. 212).
- 2.
See petfoodindustry.com/blogs/7-adventures-in-pet-food/post/5609-global-pet-food-trends-sales-and-volume-rose-4-in-2015; last accessed 25th June 2017.
- 3.
With very few exceptions, the producers use the same packaging design all over Europe, the only difference being the language. This research could be further extended to reveal if the brands sold globally maintain the same expressive characteristics in other geographical areas as they do in Europe.
- 4.
According to FEDIAF estimates, 21% of European families owned at least a dog and 24% a cat in 2014, while in the EU the percentages are 18% and 26%, respectively; in Italy the percentages are 22% and 19%. Cfr. http://www.fediaf.org/facts-figures/
- 5.
Treats have been analysed but have not been included in the research report for summarisation reasons.
- 6.
Observation period: May and June 2016. Supermarkets and hypermarkets (all in, or around, the Bologna area): Esselunga Santa Viola, Coop Barca, Coop Lame, Conad viale Silvani, Ipermercato Carrefour (Casalecchio di Reno), NaturaSì via Montefiorino. Pet shops; Ipergiardineria (Casalecchio di Reno), Pets via Belvedere, Santandrea 1930, Pianeta Animali via Zanardi.
- 7.
www.zooplus.com and http://www.petsmart.com, last accessed 25th June 2017.
- 8.
“Your cat is a real expert, and it might be sometimes difficult to tempt it. This is why Gourmet Perle has come up with Piaceri del Mare, delicate recipes which will whet your pet’s appetite everyday with an irresistible taste experience. Sophisticated mouthfuls of thinly sliced fish which has been delicately cooked in its own tasty sauce to maintain the flavour of the sea and elegantly combined with inviting shrimp to delight your cat’s refined taste buds. Piaceri del Mare by Gourmet Perle, elegant temptations for a unique taste experience, every day. All varieties of Gourmet Perle are available in 85 g pouches in order to conserve the flavour of each recipe”.
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Bartoletti, R., Cecchelin, G. (2018). Pet Food Communication: Notes on the Crisis of Naturalism. In: Marrone, G., Mangano, D. (eds) Semiotics of Animals in Culture. Biosemiotics, vol 17. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72992-3_6
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