Abstract
Available techniques for the experimental study of flow patterns and velocities are difficult to apply to liquid metals because of the high temperatures generally involved. Thus, no velocity measuring technique for liquid metal flows is commercially available. In most cases, water models with particle velocity tracking measurements are used to estimate the local metal velocity. Ultrasound Doppler Velocimetry (UDV) is a non-invasive way of measuring the velocity in fluid depth, which can be used in opaque liquid and deliver velocity profiles in real-time. This paper describes the principle of the technique. It also presents recent UDV experiments performed at Constellium, in molten aluminum on lab equipment and at industrial scale. The breakthrough technology developed by Constellium for the wettability of the ceramic waveguides is introduced. It is essential for signal stability and continuous measurement. 2D UDV measurements in a trough and the liquid sump of a DC cast slab are presented together with numerical modeling results.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Eckert S., Gerbeth G., Melnikov V. I. (2003) Velocity measurement at high temperatures by ultrasound Doppler velocimetry using an acoustic waveguide. Experiment in Fluids, 35: 381–388.
Nadella R., Eskin D.G., Du Q., Katgerman L., 2008 Macrosegregation in direct-chill casting of aluminum alloys. Progress in Materials Science, 53 (3): 421–480.
Takeda Y. (1987) Measurement of Velocity Profile of Mercury Flow by Ultrasound Doppler Shift Method. Nuclear Technology, 79 (1): 120–124.
Brito D., Nataf H.C., Cardin P., Aubert J, Masson J.-P. (2001). Ultrasonic Doppler velocimetry in liquid gallium. Experiment in Fluids, 31: 653–663.
Achard JL, Jarry Ph (2018) Constellium’s R&D on the use of power ultrasound in liquid aluminum: an overview. Paper presented at the TMS Annual Meeting, Phoenix, Arizona, 11–15 March 2018.
Achard J.-L., Taina F., Le Brun P., Menet, (2018) An innovative ultrasonic technology for the continuous quality monitoring of liquid aluminum on casting lines. Paper presented at the TMS Annual Meeting, Phoenix, Arizona, 11–15 March 2018.
Messer M. (2005) Pulsed Ultrasonic Doppler Velocimetry for measurement of velocity profiles in small channels and capillaries. Ph.d. thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology.
Signal Processing (2015), DOP 3000 Brochure.
Achard JL, Jarry P (2016) Method for wetting a sonotrode. Patent WO2016055728 (A1). 14-avr-2016.
Davidson P.A., Flood S.C. (1994) Natural convection in an aluminum ingot: a mathematical model. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, 25 (2): 293–302.
Acknowledgements
The authors wish to express their thanks to Prof. Yves Fautrelle at the SIMaP Laboratory in Grenoble (France) for fruitful discussions with respect to aspects of flow measurements and for providing facilities for preliminary UDV measurements and Signal Processing for the valuable assistance to the design and realization of tests.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society
About this paper
Cite this paper
Achard, JL., Jarry, P., Taina, F. (2018). Ultrasonic Doppler Velocimetry in Liquid Aluminum. In: Martin, O. (eds) Light Metals 2018. TMS 2018. The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72284-9_114
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72284-9_114
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-72283-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-72284-9
eBook Packages: Chemistry and Materials ScienceChemistry and Material Science (R0)