Skip to main content

Doing Good and Doing Damage: Educators’ Impact on Undocumented Latinx Students’ Lives

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
The Struggles of Identity, Education, and Agency in the Lives of Undocumented Students
  • 732 Accesses

Abstract

In this chapter, I explore educators’ particularly poignant role in impacting undocumented students’ lives. I draw from the perspectives of undocumented students to examine how educators impact undocumented Latinx lives for better or for worse. I focus on undocumented Latinx students’ perceptions of educators’ everyday interactions with them and use Valenzuela’s (Subtractive schooling: U.S.-Mexican youth and the politics of caring. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1999) notions of educación and authentic caring to analyze how students make meaning of them. I stress the significance of interactions that do good and others that do damage and suggest that educators can powerfully influence the lives of undocumented youth through small, even momentary interactions.

 Studying the impact of educators’ actions and omissions from the vantage point of undocumented students is critical to informing current practices, behaviors, and interventions. This chapter attempts to begin a conversation around the role of educators in undocumented students’ lives by asking: How do undocumented students perceive their everyday interactions with educators? Of these interactions, which ones do students identify as “doing good” and “doing damage”? In this chapter, I argue that individual educators have the power to “do good” or “do damage” in the lives of undocumented youth. I analyze, discuss, and present implications about the impact of educators on undocumented students, noting that the actions and omissions of individual educators can have lasting effects on their lives.

 This chapter reveals “children who have been raised to dream, yet are cut off from the very mechanisms that allow them to achieve their dreams” (Gonzales, The College Board, 1–27, 2009, 6); their dreams are tempered and even squashed by limited educational opportunities, low academic expectations, fear of deportation, inability to acquire employment, and mental health challenges associated with the stress of being undocumented. In the midst of such adversity, undocumented students pointed to human mechanisms that can serve as gateways or gatekeepers for the futures of undocumented students; those human mechanisms are educators.

This article was originally co-authored by Aurora Chang and Ingrid Colon and submitted for review in 2017.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 19.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 27.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 99.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Abrego, L. (2006). “I can’t go to college because i don’t have papers”: Incorporation patterns of Latino undocumented youth. Latino Studies, 4(3), 212–231.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Abrego, L. (2008). Legitimacy, social identity, and the mobilization of law: The effects of Assembly Bill 540 on undocumented students in California. Law & Social Inquiry, 33(3), 709–734.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Abrego, L. (2011). Legal consciousness of undocumented Latinos: Fear and stigma as barriers to claims making for first and 1.5 generation immigrants. Law & Society Review, 45(2), 337–369.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Abrego, L., & Gonzales, R. (2010). Blocked paths, uncertain futures: The postsecondary education and labor market prospects of undocumented Latino youth. Journal of Education of Students Placed at Risk, 15(1), 144–157.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Antrop-González, R., & De Jesús, A. (2006). Toward a theory of critical care in urban small school reform: Examining structures and pedagogies of caring in two Latino community-based schools. International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education, 19(4), 409–433.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Arriaga, B. (2012). “67 Sueños”: Inspiring a movement for undocumented voices to be heard. Journal of the Association of Mexican American Educators, 6(1), 71–76.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bagley, C., & Castro-Salazar, R. (2012). Critical arts-based research in education: Performing undocumented historias. British Educational Research Journal, 38(2), 239–260.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bozick, R., & Miller, T. (2014). In-state college tuition policies for undocumented immigrants: Implications for high school enrollment among non-citizen Mexican youth. Population Research and Policy Review, 33(1), 13–30. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11113-013-9307-4.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Burkhardt, J. C., Ortega, N., Vidal-Rodriguez, A., Frye, J. R., Nellum, C. J., Reyes, K. A., Hussain, O., Badke, L. K., & Hernandez, J. (2012). Reconciling federal, state, and institutional policies determining educational access for undocumented students: Implications for professional practice. Ann Arbor: National Forum on Higher Education for the Public Good.

    Google Scholar 

  • Castro-Salazar, R., & Bagley, C. (2010). “Ni de Aquí ni from there.” Navigating between contexts: Counter-narratives of undocumented Mexican students in the United States. Race Ethnicity and Education, 13(1), 23–40.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chang, A. (2011). Undocumented to hyperdocumented: A Jornada of protection, papers and PhD status. Harvard Educational Review, 81(3), 508–520.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chang, A. (2015). Privileged and undocumented: Toward a borderland love ethic. Association of Mexican American Educators, 9(2), 6–17.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chang, A. (2016). Undocumented intelligence: Laying low by achieving high as a good noncitizen citizen. Race, Ethnicity and Education. https://doi.org/10.1080/13613324.2016.1168539.

  • Chang, A., Torrez, M., Ferguson, K., & Sagar, A. (2017). Figured worlds and American dreams: An exploration of agency and identity among Latinx undocumented students. Urban Review. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11256-017-0397-x.

  • Chávez, M. L., Soriano, M., & Olivérez, P. (2007). Undocumented students’ access to college: The American dream denied. Latino Studies, 5, 254–263. https://doi.org/10.1057/pal- grave.lst.8600255.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen, E. C., Budianto, L., & Wong, K. (2010). Professional school counselors as social justice advocates for undocumented immigrant students in group work. Journal for Specialists in Group Work, 35(3), 255–261.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Contreras, F. (2009). Sin Papeles y Rompiendo Barreras: Latino students and the challenges of persisting in college. Harvard Educational Review, 79(4), 610–632.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Coutin, S. B. (2003). Borderlands, illegality and the spaces of non-existence. In R. Perry & B. Maurer (Eds.), Globalization and governmentalities (pp. 171–202). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coutin, S. B. (2005). Contesting criminality: Illegal immigration and the spatialization of legality. Theoretical Criminology, 9(1), 5–33.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Coutin, S. B. (2010). Exiled by law: Deportation and the inviability of life. In N. De Genova & N. Peutz (Eds.), The deportation regime: Sovereignty, space, and the freedom of movement. Durham: Duke University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coutin, S. B. (2011a). The rights of non-citizens in the United States. Annual Review of Law & Social Science, 7, 289–308.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Coutin, S. B. (2011b). Legal exclusion and dislocated subjectivities: The deportation of Salvadoran youth from the United States. In V. J. Squire (Ed.), The contested politics of mobility: Borderzones and irregularity (pp. 169–181). London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coutin, S. B. (2013). In the breach: Citizenship and its approximations. Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies, 20(1), 109–140.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Covarrubias, A., & Lara, A. (2014). The undocumented (im)migrant educational pipeline: The influence of citizenship status on educational attainment for people of Mexican origin. Urban Education, 49(1), 75–110.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Darling-Hammond, L. (2010). The flat world and education: How America’s commitment to equity will determine our future. New York: Teacher’s College Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • De Genova, N. P. (2002). Migrant ‘illegality’ and deportability in everyday life. Annual Review of Anthropology, 31, 419–437.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • De Genova, N. (2005). Working the boundaries: Race, space, and “illegality” in Mexican Chicago. Durham: Duke University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • De Genova, N. (2006). Racial transformations: Latinos and Asians remaking the United States. Durham: Duke University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • De Genova, N., & Peutz, N. (2010). The deportation regime: Sovereignty, space, and the freedom of movement. Durham: Duke University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • De Genova, N., & Ramos-Zayas, A. Y. (2003). Latino crossings: Mexicans, Puerto Ricans, and the politics of race and citizenship. New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • De Jesús, A., & Antrop-González, R. (2006). Instrumental relationships and high expectations: Exploring critical care in two Latino community-based schools. Intercultural Education, 17(3), 281–299.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Diaz-Strong, D., Gomez, C., Luna-Duarte, M. E., & Meiners, E. R. (2011). Purged: Undocumented students, financial aid policies, and access to higher education. Journal of Hispanic Higher Education, 10(2), 107–119.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dougherty, K. J., Nienhusser, H. K., & Vega, B. (2010). Undocumented immigrants and state higher education policy: The politics of in-state tuition eligibility in Texas and Arizona. Review of Higher Education, 34(1), 123–173.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dozier, S. B. (2001). Undocumented and documented international students: A comparative study of their academic performance. Community College Review, 29(2), 43–53. https://doi.org/10.1177/009155210102900204.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Duncan-Andrade, J. M. R. (2009). Note to educators: Hope required when growing roses in concrete. Harvard Educational Review, 79(2), 181–194.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ellis, L. M., & Chen, E. C. (2013). Negotiating identity development among undocumented immigrant college students: A grounded theory study. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 60(2), 251–264.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Enriquez, L. E. (2011). ‘Because we feel the pressure and we also feel the support’: Examining the educational success of undocumented immigrant Latina/o students. Harvard Educational Review, 81(3), 476–500.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Enriquez, L. E. (2014). “Undocumented and citizen students unite”: Building a cross-status coalition through shared ideology. Social Problems, 61(2), 155–174. https://doi.org/10.1525/sp.2014.12032.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Flores, S. (2010). State dream acts: The effect of in-state resident tuition policies and undocumented Latino students. Review of Higher Education, 38(1), 239–283.

    Google Scholar 

  • Flores, S. M., & Horn, C. L. (2009). College persistence among undocumented students at a selective public university: A quantitative case study analysis. Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory and Practice, 11(1), 57–76.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fontana, A., & Frey, J. H. (2000). The interview—From structured questions to negotiated text. In N. Denzin & Y. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research (pp. 645–672). Thousand Oaks: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Galindo, R. (2011). Embodying the gap between national inclusion and exclusion: The congressional testimony of three undocumented students. Harvard Latino Law Review, 14, 377–395.

    Google Scholar 

  • Galindo, R. (2012). Undocumented & unafraid: The DREAM Act 5 and the public disclosure of undocumented status as a political act. Urban Review: Issues and Ideas in Public Education, 44(5), 589–611.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Garcia, L. D., & Tierney, W. G. (2011). Undocumented immigrants in higher education: A preliminary analysis. Teachers College Record, 113(12), 2739–2776.

    Google Scholar 

  • Glenn, E. (2011). Constructing citizenship: Exclusion, subordination, and resistance. American Sociological Review, 76(1), 1–24.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gonzales, R. (2009). Special report: Young lives on hold: The college dreams of undocumented students. The College Board, 1–27.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gonzales, R. G. (2010). On the wrong side of the tracks: Understanding the effects of school structure and social capital in the educational pursuits of undocumented immigrant students. Peabody Journal of Education, 85(4), 46.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hernandez, I., Mendoza, F., Lio, M., Latthi, J., & Eusebio, C. (2011). Things I’ll never say: Stories of growing up undocumented in the United States. Harvard Educational Review, 81(3), 500–508.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Huber, L. P. (2010). Using Latina/o critical race theory (LatCrit) and racist nativism to explore intersectionality in the educational experiences of undocumented Chicana college students. Educational Foundations, 24(1–2), 77–96.

    Google Scholar 

  • Huber, L. P., & Malagon, M. C. (2007). Silenced struggles: The experiences of Latina and Latino undocumented college students in California. The Nevada Journal, 7, 841–861.

    Google Scholar 

  • Huber, L. P., Malagon, M. C., & Solorzano, D. G. (2009). Struggling for opportunity: Undocumented AB 540 students in the Latina/o education pipeline (CSRC research report no. 13). UCLA Chicano Studies Research Center.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jacobo, R., & Ochoa, A. M. (2011). Examining the experiences of undocumented college students: Walking the known and unknown lived spaces. Journal of the Association of Mexican American Educators, 5(1), 22–30.

    Google Scholar 

  • King, K. A., & Punti, G. (2012). On the margins: Undocumented students’ narrated experiences of (il)legality. Linguistics and Education: An International Research Journal, 23(3), 235–249.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lincoln, Y., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. Beverly Hills: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lopez, J. (2010). Undocumented students and the policies of wasted potential. El Paso: LFB Scholarly Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Madison, D. S. (2005). Critical ethnography: Method, ethics and performance. Thousand Oaks: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Menjívar, C., & Abrego, L. (2009). Parents and children across borders: Legal instability and intergenerational relations in Guatemalan and Salvadoran families. In N. Foner (Ed.), Across generations: Immigrant families in America (pp. 160–189). New York: New York University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Muñoz, S. (2015). Identity, social activism, and the pursuit of higher education: The journey stories of undocumented and unafraid community activists. New York: Peter Lang.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Nguyen, D. K., & Serna, G. R. (2014). Access or barrier? Tuition and fee legislation for undocumented students across the States. Clearing House, 87(3), 124–129. https://doi.org/10.1080/00098655.2014.891895.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nienhusser, H. K. (2014). Role of community colleges in the implementation of postsecondary education enrollment policies for undocumented students. Community College Review, 42(1), 3–22. https://doi.org/10.1177/0091552113509837.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Olivas, M. A. (2012). No undocumented child left behind: Plyler v. Doe and the education of undocumented schoolchildren. New York: New York University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Orner, P. (2008). Underground America: Narratives of undocumented lives. San Francisco: McSweeney’s.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ortiz, A. M., & Hinojosa, A. (2010). Tenuous options: The career development process for undocumented students. New Directions for Student Services, 131, 53–65.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Patel, L. (2013). Youth held at the border: Immigration, education, and the politics of inclusion. New York: Teachers College Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Patton, M. Q. (1990). Qualitative evaluation and research methods. Newbury Park: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pérez, W. (2009). We are Americans. Sterling: Stylus.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pérez, P. A. (2010a). College choice process of Latino undocumented students: Implications for recruitment and retention. Journal of College Admission, 206, 21–25.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pérez, W. (2010b). Higher education access for undocumented students: Recommendations for counseling professionals. Journal of College Admission, 206, 32–35.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pérez, W. (2012). Americans by heart: Undocumented Latino students and the promise of higher education. New York: Teachers College Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pérez, P. A., & Rodriguez, J. L. (2011). Access and opportunity for Latina/o undocumented college students: Familial and institutional support factors. Journal of the Association of Mexican American Educators, 5(1), 14–21.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pérez, W., Espinoza, R., Ramos, K., Coronado, H. M., & Cortes, R. (2009). Academic resilience among undocumented Latino students. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 31(2), 149–181.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rincon, A. (2010). Si se puede!: Undocumented immigrants’ struggle for education and their right to stay. Journal of College Admission, 206, 13–18.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rodriguez, G. M., & Cruz, L. (2009). The transition to college of English learner and undocumented immigrant students: Resource and policy implications. Teachers College Record, 111(10), 2385–2418.

    Google Scholar 

  • Román, E. (2013). Those damned immigrants: America’s hysteria over undocumented immigration. New York: New York University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Ryscavage, R., & Canaris, M. M. (2013). Undocumented students ask Jesuit higher ed: ‘Just us’ or justice? New England Journal of Higher Education. Retrieved from: http://www.nebhe.org/thejournal/undocumented-students-ask-jesuit-higher-education-just-us-or-justice/

  • Storlie, C. A., & Jach, E. A. (2012). Social justice collaboration in schools: A model for working with undocumented Latino students. Journal for Social Action in Counseling & Psychology, 4(2), 99–116.

    Google Scholar 

  • Suárez-Orozco, C., Suárez-Orozco, M. M., & Todorova, I. (2010). Learning a new land: Immigrant students in American society. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Torres, R., & Wicks-Asbun, M. (2014). Undocumented students’ narratives of liminal citizenship: High aspirations, exclusion, and ‘in-between’ identities. Professional Geographer, 66(2), 195–204. https://doi.org/10.1080/00330124.2012.735936.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Valenzuela, A. (1999). Subtractive schooling: U.S.-Mexican youth and the politics of caring. Albany: State University of New York Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vargas, E. D. (2011). In-state tuition policies for undocumented youth. Harvard Journal of Hispanic Policy, 23, 43–58.

    Google Scholar 

  • Viramontez Anguiano, R. P., & Lopez, A. (2012). ‘El miedo y el hambre’: Understanding the familial, social, and educational realities of undocumented Latino families in North Central Indiana. Journal of Family Social Work, 15(4), 321–336.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

Our deep appreciation to Ann Marie Ryan, Caleb Steindam, and Michael Dantley for their support and feedback in writing this manuscript.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Chang, A. (2018). Doing Good and Doing Damage: Educators’ Impact on Undocumented Latinx Students’ Lives. In: The Struggles of Identity, Education, and Agency in the Lives of Undocumented Students. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64614-5_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64614-5_5

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-64613-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-64614-5

  • eBook Packages: EducationEducation (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics