Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

A Comprehensive Look at Oromaxillofacial and Laryngopharyngeal Cancers

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Cancer Genetics and Psychotherapy

  • 1026 Accesses

Abstract

Head and Neck cancer is the 9th most frequent cause of death from cancer globally. Genetic analysis and understanding of the majority of malignancies including Head and Neck cancer is of utmost importance, as this may allow for orchestration and implementation of targeted chemotherapy with the potential for higher success in treatment and overall survival. Successful treatment of the Head and Neck cancer patient involves a comprehensive approach with focus on removal of the tumor bulk, management of regional spread, treatment of the morbidities associated with the disease process, and psychological support and care of the patient. Quality of life is improved when a comprehensive approach is undertaken and the patient’s morbidities from the cancer and its treatment are treated as seriously as the cancer itself. This involves psychological support of the patient and his/her caregivers and support team. Head and Neck cancer can be exceptionally tough for patients as a combination of airway protection, breathing, speech, ability to enjoy food, and cosmetic appearance can be impacted. This is in addition to the stress of the cancer diagnosis alone and its treatment journey. Prevention, early detection, and advances in therapy with a comprehensive approach to the Head and Neck cancer patient are ideal goals that can help improve outcomes in multiple dimensions. This chapter focuses on the brief classifications and key points of clinical and histopathological features of head and neck cancers, new advances in the field of diagnosis aids and treatment modalities and the interactions of practice aspects with psychosocial field.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 219.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 279.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 379.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Abbreviations

ACS:

American Cancer Society

AJCC:

American Joint Committee on Cancer

CBT:

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

CAM:

Complementary and alternative medicine

CT :

Computed tomography

CCRT:

Concurrent chemo radiotherapy

CNB:

Core needle biopsy

ENT:

Ear, nose, and throat

EGFR:

Epidermal growth factor receptor

EBV:

Epstein-barr virus

FNA:

Fine needle aspiration

FNAB:

Fine-needle aspiration biopsy

FDG-PET:

[18F]-fludeoxy glucose positron emission tomography

FDA:

Food and Drug Administration

FOM:

Floor of the mouth

FISH:

Fluorescence in situ hybridization

HNC:

Head and neck cancers

HNSCC:

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

HPV:

Human papilloma virus

HBO:

Hyperbaric Oxygen

Image-guided radiotherapy [IGRT]:

Image-guided IMRT

IHC:

Immunohistochemistry

IMRT:

Intensity-modulated radiotherapy

LP:

Lichen planus

LLLT:

Low level laser therapy

MRI:

Magnetic resonance imaging

mTOR:

Mammalian target of rapamycin

MMP:

Matrix metalloproteinases

MORNJ:

Medication-related osteoradionecrosis of the jaw

MTC:

Medullary thyroid cancer

MEC:

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma

MM:

Multiple myeloma

NBI:

Narrow band imaging

OC:

Oral cancer

OR:

Oral rehabilitation

OSCC:

Oral squamous cell carcinoma

OPC:

Oropharyngeal CAncer

OPSCC:

Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas

OS:

Overall survival

PNS:

Paraneoplastic syndromes

PEG:

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy

PTSD:

Posttraumatic stress disorder

PMDs:

Potentially malignant disorders

QOL:

Quality of life

RT:

Reverse transcription

SGC:

Salivary gland cancer

SGT:

Salivary gland tumors

SCC:

Squamous cell carcinomas

TMJ:

Temporomandibular Joint

TB:

Toloiden blue

TORS:

Trans oral  robotic surgery

TNM:

Tumor-nodes-metastasis

References

  • Aggarwal BB, Kumar A, Bharti AC (2003) Anticancer potential of curcumin: preclinical and clinical studies. Anticancer Res 23(1A):363–398

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Aggarwal SY, Takada S, Singh JN, Myers BB (2004) Inhibition of growth and survival of human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells by curcumin via modulation of nuclear factor-kappa B signaling. Int J Cancer 111(5):679–692

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Al-Benna S, Hasler R, Stricker I, Steinau HU, Steinstraesser L (2009) Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome and squamous cell carcinoma: a case report. Cases J 2:7067

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Al-Dasooqi N, Sonis ST, Bowen JM, Bateman E, Blijlevens N, Gibson RJ, Logan RM, Nair RG, Stringer AM, Yazbeck R, Elad S, Lalla RV (2013) Emerging evidence on the pathobiology of mucositis. Support Care Cancer 21(7):2075–2083

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ali H, al-Sarraf M (2000) Chemotherapy in Advanced Nasopharyngeal Cancer. Oncology (Williston Park) 14(8):1223–1230

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Allen MR, Ruggiero SL (2014) A review of pharmaceutical agents and oral bone health: how osteonecrosis of the jaw has affected the field. Intl J Oral Maxillofacial Implants 29(1):e45–e57

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • American Cancer Society (2013) Oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer. http://www.cancer.org/cancer/oralcavityandoropharyngealcancer/detailedguide/oral-cavity-and-oropharyngeal-pdf. Accessed 29 Aug 2013

  • American Cancer Society (2016) Cancer by stage. Survival rates for nasopharyngeal. http://www.cancer.org/cancer/nasopharyngealcancer/detailedguide/nasopharyngeal-cancer-survival-rates. Accessed 5 Mar 2017

  • American JCC Cancer Staging Manual (2010a) In: Edge SB, Byrd DR, Compton CC et al (eds) Lip and oral cavity, 7th edn. Springer, New York, pp 29–40

    Google Scholar 

  • American JCC Cancer Staging Manual (2010b) In: Edge SB, Byrd DR, Compton CC et al (eds) Pharynx, 7th edn. Springer, New York, pp 41–56

    Google Scholar 

  • Ang KK, Berkey BA, Tu X (2002) Impact of epidermal growth factor receptor expression on survival and pattern of relapse in patients with advanced head and neck carcinoma. Cancer Res 62:7350–7356

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Arellano-Garcia ME, Li R, Liu X, Xie Y, Yan X, Loo JA, Hu S (2010) Identification of tetranectin as a potential biomarker for metastatic oral cancer. Int J Mol Sci 11:3106–3121

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Arora R, Gupta D, Chawla R, Sagar R, Sharma A, Kumar R (2005) Radioprotec on by plant products: present status and future prospects. Phytother Res 19(1):1–22

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Azadarmaki R, Lango MN (2013) Malignant transformation of respiratory papillomatosis in a solid-organ transplant patient: case report and literature review. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 122(7):457–460

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Baijens LWJ, Manni JJ (2006) Paraneoplastic syndromes in patients with primary malignancies of the head and neck. Four cases and a review of the literature. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 263:32–36

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bakhshi M, Manifar S, Azizi N, Basir Shabestari S, Hossein Mardi A, Shirinbak I, Mehdipour A (2014) Efficacy of bioxtra spray and mouthwash in patients with radiation-induced xerostomia: a randomized clinical trial. Int J Exp Dent Sci 3(1):19–23

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barnes L (2009) Metastases to the head and neck: an overview. Head Neck Pathol 3(3):217–224

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Basir Shabestari S, Shirinbak I, Agha-Hosseini F (2012) Maxillary metastasis of a medullary thyroid carcinoma in a 21-year-old woman 7 years after thyroidectomy. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 70:1495–1499

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bjørndal K, Krogdahl A, Therkildsen MH, Overgaard J, Johansen J, Kristensen CA, Homøe P, Sørensen CH, Andersen E, Bundgaard T, Primdahl H, Lambertsen K, Andersen LJ, Godballe C (2011) Salivary gland carcinoma in Denmark 1990–2005: a national study of incidence, site and histology. Results of the Danish Head and Neck Cancer Group (DAHANCA). Oral Oncol 47:677–682

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Boers-Doets CB, Raber-Durlacher JE, Treister NS (2013) Mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor-associated stomatitis. Future Oncol 9(12):1883–1892

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Boyle J (2001) Oral cavity cancer. In: Shah J (ed) Cancer of the head and neck, 1st edn. BC Decker, Hamilton, Ontario, pp 100–126

    Google Scholar 

  • Brazao-Silva MT, Fernandes AV, Faria PR, Cardoso SV, Loyola AM (2010) Ewing’s sarcoma of the mandible in a young child. Braz Dent J 21:74–79

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bsoul SA, Huber MA, Terezhalmy GT (2005) Squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tissues: a comprehensive review for oral healthcare providers. J Contemp Dent Pract 6:1–16

    Google Scholar 

  • Buttigliero C, Monagheddu C, Petroni P, Saini A, Dogliotti L, Ciccone G, Berruti A (2011) Prognostic role of vitamin d status and efficacy of vitamin D supplementation in cancer patients: a systematic review. Oncologist 16:1215–1227

    Google Scholar 

  • Cancer Research UK (2015) Survival statistics for nasopharyngeal cancer. http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/type/nasopharyngeal-cancer/treatment/statistics-and-outlook-for-nasopharyngeal-cancer#stage. Accessed 5 Mar 2017

  • Cancer.Net (2016) Nasopharyngeal cancer: statistics. http://www.cancer.net/cancer-types/nasopharyngeal-cancer/statistics. Approved by the Cancer.Net Editorial Board June 2016

  • Cao W, Liu Z, Gokavarapu S, Chen Y, Yang R, Ji T (2016) Reformed smokers have survival benefits after head and neck cancer. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 54:818–825

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Carlson LE, Bultz BD (2004) Efficacy and medical cost offset of psychosocial interventions in cancer care: making the case for economic analyses. Psychooncology 13:837–849

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chambers MS, Toth BB, Martin JW, Fleming TJ, Lemon JC (1995) Oral and dental management of the cancer patient: prevention and treatment of complications. Support Care Cancer 3:168–175

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chambers MS, Garden AS, Rosenthal D, Ahamad A, Schwartz DL, Blanco AI, Chao KS, Morrison WH, Ang KK, Weber RS (2005) Intensity-modulated radiotherapy: is xerostomia still prevalent? Curr Oncol Rep 7(2):131–136

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chaturvedi AK, Engels EA, Pfeiffer RM (2011) Human papillomavirus and rising oropharyngeal cancer incidence in the United States. J Clin Oncol 29:4294–4301

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Chen PH, Ko YC, Yang YH, Lin YC, Shieh TY, Chen CH, Tsai CC (2004) Important prognostic factor of long-term oropharyngeal carcinoma survivor in Taiwan. Oral Oncol 40(8):847–855

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chen GX, Zhang S, He XH, Liu SY, Ma C, Zou XP (2014) Clinical utility of recombinant adenoviral human p53 gene therapy: current perspectives. Onco Targets Ther 7:1901–1909

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Cheng YSHL, Wright J (2011) Advances in diagnostic adjuncts for oral squamous cell carcinoma. Open Pathol J 5:3–7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cheng L, Eicher SA, Guo Z, Hong WK, Spitz MR, Wei Q (1998) Reduced DNA repair capacity in head and neck cancer patients. Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev 7(6):465–468

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cho HK, Jeong YM, Lee HS, Lee YJ, Hwang SH (2015) Effects of honey on oral mucositis in patients with head and neck cancer: a meta-analysis. Laryngoscope 125:2085–2092

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chung CH, Parker JS, Karaca G, Wu J, Funkhouser WK, Moore D, Butterfoss D, Xiang D, Zanation A, Yin X, Shockley WW, Weissler MC, Dressler LG (2004) Molecular classification of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas using patterns of gene expression. Cancer Cell 5:489–500

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chung CH, Ely K, McGavran L (2006) Increased epidermal growth factor receptor gene copy number is associated with poor prognosis in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. J Clin Oncol 24:4170–4176

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cogwell Anderson R, Anderson Franke K (2001) Psychological and psychosocial implications of head and neck cancer. Internet J Ment Health 1:2

    Google Scholar 

  • Crawford BE, Callihan MD, Corio RL (1979) Oral pathology. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 12:29–43

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • D’Silva NJ, Summerlin DJ, Cordell KG (2006) Metastatic tumors in the jaws: a retrospective study of 114 cases. J Am Dent Assoc 137:1667–1672

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Davies A, Finlay I (2005) Oral care in advanced disease. Oxford University Press, New York, p 17

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • De Bree R, van der Valk P, Kuik DJ (2006) Prognostic factors in adult soft tissue sarcomas of the head and neck: a single-centre experience. Oral Oncol 42:703–709

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Deschler DG, Moore MG, Smith RV (2014) Quick reference guide to TNM staging of head and neck cancer and neck dissection classification, 4th edn. American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Foundation, Alexandria, VA

    Google Scholar 

  • Dhooge IJ, De Vos M, Van Cauwenberge PB (1998) Multiple primary malignant tumors in patients with head and neck cancer: results of a prospective study and future perspectives. Laryngoscope 108:250–256

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • DiMatteo MR, Lepper HS, Croghan TW (2000) Depression is a risk factor for noncompliance with medical treatment: meta-analysis of the effects of anxiety and depression on patient adherence. Arch Intern Med 160(14):2101–2107

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Eakin R (2001) Head and neck cancer. In: Spence RAJ, Johnston PG (eds) Oncology. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 191–208

    Google Scholar 

  • Ebrahimi A, Clark JR, Zhang WJ (2011) Lymph node ratio as an independent prognostic factor in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck 33:1245–1251

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Economopoulous P, Agelaki S, Perisanidis C, Giotakis EI, Psyrri A (2016) The promise of immunotherapy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Ann Oncol 27(9):1675–1685

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Edge S, Byrd D, Compton C, et al (2010) Lip and oral cavity. In: AJCC cancer staging manual. Springer, New York NY, pp 29–35

    Google Scholar 

  • Eisbruch A, Ship JA, Dawson LA, Kim HM, Bradford CR, Terrell JE, Chepeha DB, Teknos TN, Hogikyan ND, Anzai Y, Marsh LH, Ten Haken RK, Wolf GT (2003) Salivary gland sparing and improved target irradiation by conformal and intensity modulated irradiation of head and neck cancer. World J Surg 27(7):832–837

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Engelman JA (2009) Targeting PI3K signalling in cancer: opportunities, challenges and limitations. Nat Rev Cancer 9(8):550–562

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Epstein JB, Thariat J, Bensadoun RJ, Barasch A, Murphy BA, Kolnick L, Popplewell L, Maghami E (2012) Oral complications of cancer and cancer therapy: from cancer treatment to survivorship. CA Cancer J Clin 62:400–422

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ettl T, Schwarz-Furlan S, Gosau M, Reichert TE (2012) Salivary gland carcinomas. Oral Maxillofac Surg 16:267–283

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Falagas ME, Zarkadoulia EA, Ioannidou EN, Peppas G, Christodoulou C, Rafailidis PI (2007) The effect of psychosocial factors on breast cancer outcome: a systematic review. Breast Cancer Res 9(4):R44

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Falcao B, Januzzi E, Santos F (2015) Oral rehabilitation following head and neck cancer treatment—Review of literature. J Palliat Care Med 5:208

    Google Scholar 

  • Farhood AI, Hajdu SI, Shiu MH (1990) Soft tissue sarcomas of the head and neck in adults. Am J Surg 160:365–369

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fekrazad R, Chiniforush N (2014) Oral mucositis prevention and management by therapeutic laser in head and neck cancers. J Lasers Med Sci 5(1):1–7

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Ferlay J, Shin HR, Bray F, Forman D, Mathers C, Parkin DM (2010) Estimates of worldwide burden of cancer in 2008: GLOBOCAN 2008. Int J Cancer 127(12):2893–2917

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ferlito A, Shaha AR, Silver CE, Rinaldo A, Mondin V (2001) Incidence and sites of distant metastases from head and neck cancer. J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec 63(4):202–207

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ferlito A, Elsheikh MN, Manni JJ, Rinaldo A (2007) Paraneoplastic syndromes in patients with primary head and neck cancer. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 264(3):211–222

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ferris RL (2015) Immunology and immunotherapy of head and neck cancer. J Clin Oncol 33:29

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fleming ID, Brady LW, Mieszkalski GB et al (1995) Basis for major current therapies for cancer. In: Murphy GP, Lawrence W, Lenhard RE (eds) American Cancer Society textbook of clinical oncology, 2nd edn. American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, pp 96–134

    Google Scholar 

  • Ganz PA, Kwan L, Somerfield MR, et al (2006) American Society of Clinical Oncology; The role of prevention in oncology practice: results from a 2004 survey of American of Clinical Oncology members. J Clin Oncol 24(18):2948–2957

    Google Scholar 

  • Gellrich NC, Handschel J, Holtmann H, Krüskemper G (2015) Oral cancer malnutrition impacts weight and quality of life. Nutrients 7:2145–2160

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Ghias K (2014) Role of VEGF in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. J Pioneer Med Sci 4(4):163–164

    Google Scholar 

  • Gilbar O, Iron G, Goren A (2001) Adjustment to illness of cancer patients treated by complementary therapy along with conventional therapy. Patient Educ Couns 44:243–249

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gillison ML (2007) Current topics in the epidemiology of oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers. Head Neck 29:779–792

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Glick M, William M (2015) Burket’s oral medicine (12th edn). People’s Medical Publishing House (PMPH) USA LTD, Shelton, Connecticut, pp 173–262

    Google Scholar 

  • Globocan (2012) Fact sheets by population (IARC) World Health Organization (WHO). Estimated cancer incidence, mortality and prevalence worldwide in 2012. http://globocan.iarc.fr/Pages/fact_sheets_population.aspx

  • Godoy AJ, Perez DG, Lemon JC et al (1991) Rehabilitation of a patient with limited oral opening following glossectomy. Int J Prosthodont. 4:70–74

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gold D (2012) The psychosocial care needs of patients with HPV-related head and neck cancer. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 45:879–897

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Golub TR, Vogelstein B (2011) Genetics of Head and neck cancers discovered. Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI). Published online in science express 28 Jul 2011

    Google Scholar 

  • Gomez I, Warnakulasuriya S, Varela-Centelles PI, López-Jornet P, Suárez-Cunqueiro M, Diz-Dios P, Seoane J (2010) Is early diagnosis of oral cancer a feasible objective? Who is to blame for diagnostic delay? Oral Dis 16:333–342

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gong W, Xiao Y, Wei Z, Yuan Y, Qiu M, Sun C, Zeng X, Liang X, Feng M, Chen Q (2016) Toward the use of precision medicine for the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oncotarget. doi:10.18632/oncotarget.13798

    Google Scholar 

  • Grandis JR, Zeng Q, Tweardy DJ (1996) Retinoic acid normalizes the increased gene transcription rate of TGF-alpha and EGFR in head and neck cancer cell lines. Nat Med 2:237–240

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grandis JR, Melhem MF, Gooding WE (1998) Levels of TGF-alpha and EGFR protein in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and patient survival. J Natl Cancer Inst 90:824–832

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Granowski-LeCornu M, Chuang SK, Kaban LB, August M (2011) Osteosarcoma of the jaws: factors influencing prognosis. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 69:2368–2375

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gupta T, Master Z, Kannan S, Agarwal JP, Ghsoh-Laskar S, Rangarajan V, Murthy V, Budrukkar A (2011) Diagnostic performance of post treatment FDG PET or FDG PET/CT imaging in head and neck cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 38(11):2083–2095

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hall EJ (2006) Intensity-modulated radiation therapy, protons, and the risk of second cancers. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 65(1):1–7

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hall JK, Boswell MV (2009) Ethics, law, and pain management as a patient right. Pain Physician 12(3):499–506

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Halliday AI (2010) Immunohistochemistry in diagnostic surgical pathology: contributions of protein life-cycle, use of evidence based methods and data normalization on interpretation of immunohistochemical stains Int J. Clin Exp Pathol 3(2):169–176

    Google Scholar 

  • Handschel J, Naujoks C, Hofer M, Kruskemper G (2013) Psychological aspects affect quality of life in patients with oral squamous cell carcinomas. Psychooncology 22:677–682

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Harari P, Huang S (2000) Modulation of molecular targets to enhance radiation. Clin Cancer Res 6:323–325

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hashibe M, Brennan P, Chuang SC (2009) Interaction between tobacco and alcohol use and the risk of head and neck cancer: pooled analysis in the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology Consortium. Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev 18(2):541–550

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hassan SJ, Weymuller EA (1993) Assessment of quality of life in head and neck cancer patients. J Head Neck 15(6):485–496

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hassanein KA, Musgrove BT, Bradbury E (2001) Functional status of patients with oral cancer and its relation to style of coping, social support and psychological status. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 39(5):340–345

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hay A, Migliacci J, Zanoni DK, Boyle JO, Singh B, Wong RJ, Patel SG, Ganly I (2017) Complications following transoral robotic surgery (TORS): A detailed institutional review of complications. J Oral Oncol 68:160–166 e1–e2. Published online: 28 Feb 2017. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016

  • Hayat MA (2005) Handbook of immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization of human carcinomas (11th). Academic Press, USA, pp 235–238

    Google Scholar 

  • Hazarey VK, Erlewad DM, Mundhe KA, Ughade SN (2007) Oral submucous fibrosis: study of 1000 cases from central India. J Oral Pathol Med 36(1):12–17

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Heimdal JH, Aarstad HJ, Olofsson J (2000) Peripheral blood T-lymphocyte and monocyte function and survival in patients with head and neck carcinoma. Laryngoscope 110:402–407

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Herron DM, Marohn M (2008) A consensus document on robotic surgery. Surg Endosc 22:313–325

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hirshberg A, Shnaiderman-Shapiro A, Kaplan I, Berger R (2008) Metastatic tumours to the oral cavity-pathogenesis and analysis of 673 cases. Oral Oncol 44:743–752

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Holloway RL, Hellewell JL, Marbella AM, Layde PM, Myers KB, Campbell BH (2005) Psychosocial effects in long-term head and neck cancer survivors. Head Neck 27:281–288

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Horrigan B, Lewis Sh, Abrams DI, Pechura C (2012) Integrative medicine in America: how integra-tive medicine is being practiced in clinical centers across the United States. Glob Adv Health Med 1(3):18–94

    Article  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Howlader N, Noone AM, Krapcho M, Miller D, Bishop K, Altekruse SF, Kosary CL, Yu M, Ruhl J, Tatalovich Z, Mariotto A, Lewis DR, Chen HS, Feuer EJ, Cronin KA (2015) SEER cancer statistics review, 1975–2013. National Cancer Institute. Bethesda, MD. http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2013/based on Nov 2015 SEER data submission. Posted to the SEER web site Apr 2016

  • Hunt JL (2011) An update on molecular diagnostics of squamous and salivary gland tumors of the head and neck. Arch Pathol Lab Med 135:602–609

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ishikawa S, Sugimoto M, Kitabatake K, Sugano A, Nakamura M, Kaneko M, Ota S, Hiwatari K, Enomoto A, Soga T, Tomita M, Iino M (2016) Identification of salivary metabolomic biomarkers for oral cancer screening Scientific reports 6 [31520]. doi:10.1038/srep31520

  • Jacobson AS, Buchbinder D, Hu K, Urken ML (2010) Paradigm shifts in the management of osteoradionecrosis of the mandible. Oral Oncol 46(11):795–801

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jemal A, Siegel R, Ward E, Hao Y, Xu J, Thun MJ (2009) Cancer statistics, 2009. CA Cancer J Clin 59:225–249

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jerjes W, Upile T, Hamdoon Z, Mosse CA, Akram S, Hopper C (2011) Prospective evaluation of outcome after trans oral CO2 laser resection of T1/T2 oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 112:180–187

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kakoei S, Ghassemi A, Nakhaee N (2013) Effect of cryotherapy on oral mucositis in patients with head and neck cancers receiving radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Res 11(2):117–120

    Google Scholar 

  • Kalyankrishna S, Grandis JR (2006) Epidermal growth factor receptor biology in head and neck cancer. J Clin Oncol 24:2666–2672

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kandoth C, McLellan MD, Vandin F (2013) Mutational landscape and significance across 12 major cancer types. Nature 502(7471):333–339

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Karimi A, Shirinbak I, Beshkar M, Abbasi AJ, Nazhvani AD, Bayat M, Asgarian A (2011) Ewing Sarcoma of the Jaws. J Craniofac Surg 22:1657–1660

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kerawala CJ (1999) Oral cancer, smoking and alcohol: the patients’ perspective. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 37:374–376

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kim JW, Amin AR, Shin DM (2010) Chemoprevention of head and neck cancer with green tea polyphenols. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 3:900–909

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kober A, Scheck T, Schubert B, Strasser H, Gustorff B, Bertalanffy P, Wang SM, Kain ZN, Hoerauf K (2003) Auricular acupressure as a treatment for anxiety in prehospital transport settings. Anesthesiology 98(6):1328–1332

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Konuthula N, Khan MN, Parasher A, Del Signore A, Genden EM, Govindaraj S, Iloreta AM (2017) The presentation and outcomes of mucosal melanoma in 695 patients. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 7(1):99–105

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kowalski LP, Carvalho AL, Martins Priante AV, Magrin J (2005) Predictive factors for distant metastasis from oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Oncol 41:534–541

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lalla RV, Latortue Marie C, Hong CH, Ariyawardana A, D’Amato-Palumbo S, Fischer DJ, Martof A, Nicolatou-Galitis O, Patton LL, Elting LS, Fred KL (2010) A systematic review of oral fungal infections in patients receiving cancer therapy. Support Care Cancer 18(8):985–992

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Lee DT, Yu DS, Woo J, Thompson DR (2005) Health-related quality of life in patients with congestive heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail 7(3):419–422

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Leemans CR, Tiwari R, Nauta JJ, van der Waal I, Snow GB (1994) Recurrence at the primary site in head and neck cancer and the significance of neck lymph node metastases as a prognostic factor. Cancer 73:187–190

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Leemans CR, Braakhuis BJ, Brakenhoff RH (2011) The molecular biology of head and neck cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 1:9–22

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lingen MW, Kalmar JR, Karrison T, Speight PM (2008) Critical evaluation of diagnostic aids for the detection of oral cancer. Oral Oncol 44:10–22

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Liu J, Kuo W-L, Seiwert TY, Lingen M, Ciaccio MF, Jones RB, Rosner MR, Cohen EE (2011) Effect of complementary pathway blockade on efficacy of combination enzastaurin and rapamycin. Head Neck 33(12):1774–1782

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lodi G, Scully C, Carrozzo M, Griffiths M, Sugerman PB, Thongprasom K (2005) Current controversies in oral lichen planus: report of an international consensus meeting. Part 1. Viral infections and etiopathogenesis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 100(1):40–51

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Longacre ML, Ridge JA, Burtness BA, Galloway TJ, Fang CY (2012) Psychological functioning of caregivers for head and neck cancer patients. Oral Oncol 48:18–25

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lopes MA, Nikitakis NG, Ord RA, Sauk J Jr (2001) Amplification and protein expression of chromosome 12q13-15 genes in osteosarcomas of the jaws. Oral Oncol 37:566

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • López F, Rodrigo J, Cardesa A, Triantafyllou A, Devaney K, Mendenhall W, Haigentz M, Strojan P, Pellitteri P, Bradford C, Shaha A, Hunt J, de Bree R, Takes R, Rinaldo A, Ferlito A (2016) Update on primary head and neck mucosal melanoma. Head Neck 38(1):147–155

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Louis B, Harrison, Roy B, Sessions, Merrill S (2014) General principles of management of head and neck cancer, a multidisciplinary approach (4th edn.) Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Wolters Kluwer, USA, Philadelphia, pp 212–215

    Google Scholar 

  • Lourenço SV, Fernandes JD, Hsieh R, Coutinho-Camillo CM, Bologna S, Sangueza M, Nico MM (2014) Head and neck mucosal melanoma: a review. Am J Dermatopathol 36(7):578–587

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lu W, Matulonis UA, Doherty-Gilman A, Lee H, Dean-Clower E, Rosulek A, Gibson C, Goodman A, Davis RB, Buring JE, Wayne PM, Rosenthal DS, Penson RT (2009) Acupuncture for chemotherapy-induced neutropenia in patients with gynecologic malignancies: a pilot randomized, sham-controlled clinical trial. Altern Complement Med 15(7):745–753

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Martinez VD, Vucic EA, Thu KL, Pikor LA, Lam S, Lam WL (2015) Disruption of KEAP1/CUL3/RBX1 E3ubiquitin ligase complex components by multiple genetic mechanisms: association with poor prognosis in head and neck cancer. Head Neck 37:727–734

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Masthan KMK, Aravindha Babu N, Chandra Dash K, Elumalai M (2012) Advanced diagnostic aids in oral cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 13:3573–3576

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Maurer K, Eschrich K, Schellenberger W, Bertolini J, Rupf S, Remmerbach TW (2013) Oral brush biopsy analysis by MALDI-ToF mass spectrometry for early cancer diagnosis. Oral Oncol 49:152–156

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mavric E, Wittmann S, Barth G, Henle T (2008) Identification and quantification of methylglyoxal as the dominant antibacterial constituent of Manuka (Leptospermum scoparium) honeys from New Zealand. Mol Nutr Food Res 52:483–489

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McGuire DB, Fulton JS, Park J, Brown CG, Correa ME, Eilers J, Elad S, Gibson F, Oberle-Edwards LK, Bowen J, Lalla RV (2013) Systematic review of basic oral care for the management of oral mucositis in cancer patients. Support Care Cancer 21(11):3165–3177

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mehra R, Cohen RB, Harari PM (2008) EGFR Inhibitors for the Treatment of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck. Curr Oncol Rep 10(2):176–184

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mehrotra R, Mishra S, Singh M, Singh M (2011) The efficacy of oral brush biopsy with computer-assisted analysis in identifying precancerous and cancerous lesions. Head Neck Oncol 3:39

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Melnick M, Sedghizadeh PP, Allen CM, Jaskoll T (2011) Human cytomegalovirus and mucoepidermoid carcinoma of salivary glands: cell-specific localization of active viral and oncogenic signaling proteins is confirmatory of a causal relationship. Exp Mol Pathol 92:118–125

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Molan PC (2006) The evidence supporting the use of honey as a wound dressing. Int J Lower Extrem Wounds 5(1):40–54

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moldovan GL, D’Andrea AD (2009) How the fanconi anemia pathway guards the genome. Annu Rev Genet 43:223–249

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Montoro JR, Mamede RC, Neder Serafini L, Saggioro FP, Figueiredo DL, Silva WA Jr, Jungbluth AA, Spagnoli GC, Zago MA (2012) Expression of cancer-testis antigens MAGE-A4 and MAGE-C1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck 34:1123–1128

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Murar S, Forastiere AA (2008) Head and neck cancer: changing epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment. Mayo Clin Proc 83:489–501

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Muto M, Minashi K, Yano T, Saito Y, Oda I, Nonaka S, Omori T, Sugiura H, Goda K, Kaise M, Inoue H, Ishikawa H, Ochiai A, Shimoda T, Watanabe H, Tajiri H, Saito D (2010) Early detection of superficial squamous cell carcinoma in the head and neck region and esophagus by narrow band imaging: a multicenter randomized controlled trial. J Clin Oncol 28(9):1566–1572

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Napier SS, Speight PM (2008) Natural history of potentially malignant oral lesions and conditions: an overview of the literature. J Oral Pathol Med 37:1–10

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • National Cancer Institute (2013) Surveillance, epidemiology, and end results program. Available on line: http://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/oralcav.html

  • Negrini M, Nicoloso MS, Calin GA (2009) MicroRNAs and cancer—New paradigms in molecular oncology. Curr Opin Cell Biol 21:470–479

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Neville BW, Damm DD, Allen CM, Chi AC (2016) Oral and maxillofacial pathology (Fourth edn) Elsevier Health Sciences. St. Louis, Missouri, pp 331–621

    Google Scholar 

  • Newell R, Clarke M (2000) Evaluation of a self-help leaflet in treatment of social difficulties following facial disfigurements. Int J Nurs Stud 37:381–388

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nozawa H, Tadakuma T, Ono T, Sato M, Hiroi S, Masumoto K, Sato Y (2006) Small interfering RNA targeting epidermal growth factor receptor enhances chemosensitivity to cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil and docetaxel in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Sci 97:1115–1124

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Oberoi S, Zamperlini-Netto G, Beyene J, Treister NS, Lillian S (2014) Effect of prophylactic low level laser therapy on oral mucositis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE 9:9

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ogawa A, Fukuta Y, Nakajima T, Kanno SM, Obara A, Nakamura K, Mizuki H, Takeda Y, Satoh M (2004) Treatment results of oral verrucous carcinoma and its biological behavior. Oral Oncol 40:793–797

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pakfetrat A, Falaki F, Esmaily HA, Shabestari S (2010) Oral cancer knowledge among patients referred to Mashhad Dental School, Iran. Arch Iran Med 13(6):543–548

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Palumbo A, Anderson K (2011) Multiple myeloma. N Engl J Med 364(11):1046–1060

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Paparella ML, Olvi LG, Brandizzi D, Keszler A, Santini-Araujo E, Cabrini RL (2013) Osteosarcoma of the jaw: an analysis of a series of 74 cases. Histopathology 63:551–557

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pardoll DM (2012) The blockade of immune checkpoints in cancer immunotherapy. Nat Rev Cancer 12:252–264

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Parikh R, Kirch J, Smith T, Temel JS (2013) Early specialty palliative care-translating data in oncology into practice. N Engl J Med 369:2347–2351

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Parliament MB, Scrimger RA, Anderson SG, Kurien EC, Thompson HK, Field GC, Hanson J (2004) Preservation of oral health-related quality of life and salivary flow rates after inverse-planned intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for head-and-neck cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 58:663–673

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Parsel SM, Grandis JR, Thomas SM (2016) Nucleic acid targeting: towards personalized therapy for head and neck cancer. Oncogene 35(25):3217–3226

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Peng KA, Tristan Grogan T, Marilene B, Wang MB (2014) Head and neck sarcomas: analysis of the SEER database. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 151(4):627–633

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Pesut B, Hooper B, Lehbauer S, Dalhuisen M (2012) Promoting volunteer capacity in hospice palliative care: a narrative review. Am J Hospice Palliative Care 31(1):69–78

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Peterson DE, Doerr W, Hovan A, Pinto A, Saunders D, Elting LS, Spijkervet FK, Brennan MT (2010) Osteoradionecrosis in cancer patients: the evidence base for treatment-dependent frequency, current management strategies, and future studies. Support Care Cancer 18(8):1089–1098

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Petti S, Scully C (2007) Oral cancer knowledge and awareness: primary and secondary effects of an information leaflet. Oral Oncol 43:408–415

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pfister D, Cassileth B, Deng G, Yeung KS, Lee JS, Garrity D, Cronin A, Lee N, Kraus D, Shaha AR, Shah J, Vickers AJ (2010) Acupuncture for pain and dysfunction after neck dissection: results of a randomized con-trolled trial. J Clin Oncol 28(15):2565–2570

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Pickering CR, Zhang J, Yoo SY (2013) Integrative genomic characterization of oral squamous cell carcinoma identifies frequent somatic drivers. Cancer Discov 3(7):770–781

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Polesel J, Furlan C, Birri S, Giacomarra V, Vaccher E, Grando G, Gobitti C, Navarria F, Schioppa O, Minatel E, Bidoli E, Barzan L, Franchin G (2017) The impact of time to treatment initiation on survival from head and neck cancer in north-eastern Italy. J Oral oncology 67:175–182 e1-e2. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016. Published online: 4 Mar 2017

  • Polivka J, Janku F (2014) Molecular targets for cancer therapy in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Pharmacol Ther 142:164–175

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pommier P, Liebsch NJ, Deschler DG, Lin DT, McIntyre JF, Barker FG 2nd, Adams JA, Lopes VV, Varvares M, Loeffler JS, Chan AW (2006) Proton beam radiation therapy for skull base adenoid cystic carcinoma. Arch Otolaryngo Head Neck Surg 132:1242–1249

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Prieto I, Prieto A, Bravo M, Bascones A (2005) Prognostic factors for cancer of the oral cavity. Quintessence Int 36(9):711–719

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pringle S, Van OR, Coppes RP (2013) Concise review: adult salivary gland stem cells and a potential therapy for xerostomia. Stem Cells 31(4):613–619

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Radford K, Woods H, Lowe D, Rogers SN (2004) A UK multi-centre pilot study of speech and swallowing outcomes following head and neck cancer. Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci 29:376–381

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Raica M, Cimpean AM, Ribatti D (2009) Angiogenesis in pre-malignant conditions. Eur J Cancer 45(11):1924–1934

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Regezi JA, Sciubba JJ, Jordan RCK (2012) Oral pathology: clinical pathologic correlations, 6th edn. Elsevier/Saunders, St Louis

    Google Scholar 

  • Rethman MP, Carpenter W, Cohen EE, Epstein J, Evans CA, Flaitz CM, Graham FJ, Hujoel PP, Kalmar JR, Koch WM, Lambert PM, Lingen MW, Oettmeier BW Jr, Patton LL, Perkins D, Reid BC, Sciubba JJ, Tomar SL, Wyatt AD Jr, Aravamudhan K, Frantsve-Hawley J, Cleveland JL, Meyer DM (2010) Evidence-based clinical recommendations regarding screening for oral squamous cell carcinomas. J Am Dent Assoc 141:509–520

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ri Sain, Saini S, Sugandh RS (2011) Knowledge and awareness of palliative medicine amongst students of a rural dental college in India. Int J Appl Basic Med Res 1:48–49

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Riaz N, Morris LG, Lee W, Chan TA (2014) Unraveling the molecular genetics of head and neck cancer through genome-wide approaches. Genes Dis 1(1):75–86

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Ribeiro KC, Kowalski LP, Latorre MR (2000) Impact of comorbidity, symptoms, and patients’ characteristics on the prognosis of oral carcinomas. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 126:1079–1085

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Richmon JD, Quon H, Gourin CG (2014) The effect of trans oral robotic surgery on short-term outcomes and cost of care after oropharyngeal cancer surgery. Laryngoscope 124(1):165–171

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rita I, Young M, Day Terry A (2013) Immune regulatory activity of vitamin D3 in head and neck cancer. Cancers (Basel) 5(3):1072–1085

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rogers SN, Ahad SA, Murphy AP (2007) A structured review and theme analysis of papers published on ‘quality of life’ in head and neck cancer: 2000–2005. Oral Oncol 43:843–868

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rubin Grandis J, Tweardy DJ, Melhem MF (1998) Asynchronous modulation of transforming growth factor alpha and epidermal growth factor receptor protein expression in progression of premalignant lesions to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 4:13–20

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ruggiero S, Gralow J, Marx RE, Hoff AO, Schubert MM, Huryn JM, Toth B, Damato K, Valero V (2006) Practical guidelines for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of osteonecrosis of the jaw in patients with cancer. J Oncol Pract 2(1):7

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Sakakura K, Chikamatsu K (2013) Immune suppression and evasion in patients with head and neck cancer. Adv Cell Mol Otalaryngol 1:21809

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sammut L, Ward M, Patel N (2014) Physical activity and quality of life in head and neck cancer survivors: a literature review. Int J Sports Med 35(9):794–799

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Satoskar S, Dinakar A (2006) Diagnostic aids in early oral cancer detection—A review. J Indian Acad Oral Med Radiol 18:82–89

    Google Scholar 

  • Saunders DP, Epstein JB, Elad S, Allemano J, Bossi P, van de Wetering MD, Rao NG, Potting C, Cheng KK, Freidank A, Brennan MT, Bowen J, Dennis K, Lalla RV (2013) Systematic review of antimicrobials, mucosal coating agents, anesthetics, and analgesics for the management of oral mucositis in cancer patients. Support Care Cancer 21(11):3191–3207

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schackert KH, AghHosseini F, Go¨rgens H, Jatzwauk M, von S, Noack B, Eckelt U, Hoffmann P, B Shabestari S,Mehdipour P (2014) Complete homozygous deletion of CTSC in an Iranian family with Papillon-Lef vre syndrome. International J dermatol 53(7):885–887

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt RL, Hall BJ, Wilson AR, Layfield LJ (2011) A systematic review and meta-analysis of the diagnostic accuracy of fine-needle aspiration cytology for parotid gland lesions. Am J Clin Pathol 136(1):45–59

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schneider-Stock R, Giers A, Motsch C (2003) Hereditary p16-Leiden mutation in a patient with multiple head and neck tumors. Am J Hum Genet 72(1):216–218

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Scully C, Felix DH (2006) Oral medicine–update for the dental practitioner oral cancer. Br Dent J 200:13–17

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Seoane Leston J, Diz Dios P (2010) Diagnostic clinical aids in oral cancer. Oral Oncol 46:418–422

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Seoane J, Van der Waal I, Van der Waal RI, Cameselle-Teijeiro J, Antón I, Tardio A, Alcázar-Otero JJ, Varela-Centelles P, Diz P (2009) Metastatic tumours to the oral cavity: a survival study with a special focus on gingival metastases. J Clin Periodontol 36(6):488–492

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shah SH, Goldenberg D, Maimonides R (2014) Robotic surgery for oropharyngeal cancer. Med J 5(2):e0014

    Google Scholar 

  • Shanthi M, Forastiere AA (2016) Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: update on epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment. Mayo Clin Proc 91(3):386–396

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sharma C, Kaur J, Shishodia S, Aggarwal BB, Ralhan R (2006) Curcumin down regulates smokeless tobacco-induced NF-kappaB activation and COX-2 expression in human oral premalignant and cancer cells. Toxicology 228(1):1–15

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ship JA, Inglehart MR, Bagramian RA (eds) (2002) Oral health-related quality of life in patients with oral cancer. Quintessence, Chicago, pp 153–167

    Google Scholar 

  • Specenier P, Brouwer A (2015) Matrix Metalloproteinases in Head and Neck Cancer. World J Surg Med Radiat Oncol 4:18–27

    Google Scholar 

  • Stewart BW, Kleihues P (eds) (2003) World cancer report. IARC Publications, Lyon

    Google Scholar 

  • Stewart CJR, Mackenzie K, Mcgarry GW, Mowat A (2000) Fine-needle aspiration cytology of salivary gland: a review of 341 cases. Diagn Cytopathol 22:139

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stewart JS, Cohen EE, Licitra L, Van Herpen CM, Khorprasert C, Soulieres D, Vodvarka P, Rischin D, Garin AM, Hirsch FR, Varella-Garcia M, Ghiorghiu S, Hargreaves L, Armour A, Speake G, Swaisland A, Vokes EE (2009) Phase III study of gefitinib compared with intravenous methotrexate for recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck [corrected]. J Clin Oncol 27(11):1864–1871

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tanaka N, Mimura M, Kimijima Y, Amagasa T (2004) Clinical investigation of amelanotic malignant melanoma in the oral region. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 62:933–937

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tanaka A, Weinel S, Nagy N (2012) Germline mutation in ATR in autosomal-dominant oropharyngeal cancer syndrome. Am J Hum Genet 90(3):511–517

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Terai H, Shimahara M (2007) Tongue pain: burning mouth syndrome vs Candida-associated lesion. Oral Dis 13(4):440–442

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tiziani S, Lopes V, Gunther UL (2009) Early stage diagnosis of oral cancer using 1H NMR-based metabolomics. Neoplasia 11: 269–276 (264p following 269)

    Google Scholar 

  • Tomar B, Bhatia NK, Kumar P, Bhatia MS, Shah RJ (2011) The psychiatric and dental interrelationship. Delhi Psychiatry J 14:1

    Google Scholar 

  • Toro C, Rinaldo A, Silver CE, Politi M, Ferlito A (2010) Paraneoplastic syndromes in patients with oral cancer. Oral Oncol 46:14–18

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Torrente MC, Rodrigo JP, Haigentz M Jr, Dikkers FG, Rinaldo A, Takes RP, Olofsson J, Ferlito A (2011) Human papillomavirus infections in laryngeal cancer. Head Neck 33(4):581–586

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Van LP, Libert C (2007) Chemokine and cytokine processing by matrix metalloproteinases and its effect on leukocyte migration and inflammation. J Leukoc Biol 82:1375–1381

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Verdonck-de Leeuw IM, de Bree R, Keizer AL, Houffelaar T, Cuijpers P, vander Linden MH, Leemans CR (2009) Computerized prospective screening for high levels of emotional distress in head and neck cancer patients and referral rate to psychosocial care. Oral Oncol 45:129–133

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vergez S, Moriniere S, Dubrulle F, Salaun PY, De Mones E, Bertolus C, Temam S, Chevalier D, Lagarde F, Schultz P, Ferrie JC, Badoual C, Lapeyre M, Righini C, Barry B, Tronche S, De Raucourt D (2013) Initial staging of squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity, larynx and pharynx (excluding nasopharynx) Part I: Locoregional extension assessment: 2012 SFORL guidelines. Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis 130(1):39–45

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vickers AJ, Straus DJ, Fearon B, Cassileth BR (2004) Acupuncture for post chemo-therapy fatigue: a phase II study. J Clin Oncol 22(9):1731–1735

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Viens LJ, Henley SJ, Watson M, Markowitz LE, Thomas CC, Thompson TD, Razzaghi H, Saraiya M (2016) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Human papillomavirus–associated cancers—United States, 2008–2012. MMWR 65(26):661–666

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Waleed MA, O’Malley BW Jr, Li D, Hinrich S (2015) Fundamentals of molecular biology and gene therapy. In: Cummings otolaryngology—Head and neck surgery, vol 3, 6th edn. Elsevier Saunders, Philadelphia

    Google Scholar 

  • Walter-Ginzburg A, Chetrit A, Medina C, Blumstein T, Gindin J, Modan B (2001) Physician visits, emergency room utilization, and overnight hospitalization in the old-old in Israel: the crosssectional and longitudinal aging study (CALAS). J Am Geriatr Soc 49:549–556

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wang Q, Gao P, Wang X, Duan Y (2014) Investigation and identification of potential biomarkers in human saliva for the early diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Clin Chim Acta 427:79–85

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Weidong L, Posner M, Wayne P, Rosenthal DS, Haddad RI (2010) Acupuncture for dysphagia after chemoradiation therapy in head and neck cancer: a case series report. Integr Cancer Ther 9(3):284–290

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weinstein GS, O’Malley BW Jr, Magnuson JS, Carroll WR, Olsen KD, Daio L, Moore EJ, Holsinger FC (2010) FDA Clears Transoral Robotic Surgery—Developed at Penn—for tumors of mouth, throat, and voice box. Minimally invasive procedure shortens recovery, improves outcomes. Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 800-789-7366. 18 Dec 2009. Available at: sciencedaily

    Google Scholar 

  • West R, Alkhatib MN, Mcneill A, Bedi R (2006) Awareness of mouth cancer in Great Britain. Br Dent J 200:167–169

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wexler LH, Kacker A, Piro JD, Haddad J Jr, Close LG (2003) Combined modality treatment of Ewing’s sarcoma of the maxilla. Head Neck 25:168–172

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wick MR (2008) Immunohistochemical approaches to the diagnosis of undifferentiated malignant tumors. Ann Diagn Pathol. 12(1):72–84

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wilder-Smith P, Holtzman J, Epstein J, Le A (2010) Optical diagnostics in the oral cavity: an overview. Oral Dis 16:717–728

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Wiseman MA (2000) Palliative care dentistry. Gerodontology 17:49–51

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • World Health Organization, GLOBOCAN (2012) Estimated cancer incidence, mortality and prevalence worldwide in 2012

    Google Scholar 

  • Wu Y, Zhong Y, Li C, Song H, Guo W, Ren G (2014) Neck dissection for oral mucosal melanoma: caution of nodular lesion. Oral Oncol 50:319–324

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wyatt RM, Beddoe AH, Dale RG (2003) The effects of delays in radiotherapy treatment on tumor control. Phys Med Biol 48:139–155

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yang MH, Lin BR, Chang CH, Chen ST, Lin SK, Kuo MY, Jeng YM, Kuo ML, Chang CC (2012) Connective tissue growth factor modulates oral squamous cell carcinoma invasion by activating a miR-504/FOXP1 signalling. Oncogene 31:2401–2411

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zack TI, Schumacher SE, Carter SL (2013) Pan-cancer patterns of somatic copy number alteration. Nat Genet 45(10):1134–1140

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Zarbo RJ, Carlson ER (2003) Malignancies of the jaws. In: Regezi JA, Sciubba JJ, Jordan RCK (eds) Oral pathology: clinical-pathologic correlations, 4th edn. WB Saunders, Philadelphia, pp 321–328

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Oral Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran

    Samira Basir Shabestari

  2. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran

    Iman Shirinbak

  3. George Washington University Hospital, Washington Ear Associates, Washington, DC, USA

    Roya Azadarmaki

Authors
  1. Samira Basir Shabestari
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Iman Shirinbak
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Roya Azadarmaki
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Samira Basir Shabestari .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Parvin Mehdipour

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Shabestari, S.B., Shirinbak, I., Azadarmaki, R. (2017). A Comprehensive Look at Oromaxillofacial and Laryngopharyngeal Cancers. In: Mehdipour, P. (eds) Cancer Genetics and Psychotherapy. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64550-6_11

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation