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Computational Analysis of Sound Scenes and Events pp 41–67Cite as

Acoustics and Psychoacoustics of Sound Scenes and Events

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Abstract

Auditory scenes are made of several different sounds overlapping in time and frequency, propagating through space, and resulting in complex arrays of acoustic information reaching the listeners’ ears. Despite the complexity of the signal, human listeners segregate effortlessly these scenes into different meaningful sound events . This chapter provides an overview of the auditory mechanisms subserving this ability. First, we briefly introduce the major characteristics of sound production and propagation and basic notions of psychoacoustics . The next part describes one specific family of auditory scene analysis models (how listeners segregate the scene into auditory objects ), based on multidimensional representations of the signal, temporal coherence analysis to form auditory objects , and the attentional processes that make the foreground pop out from the background. Then, the chapter reviews different approaches to study the perception and identification of sound events (how listeners make sense of the auditory objects): the identification of different properties of sound events (size , material , velocity , etc.), and a more general approach that investigates the acoustic and auditory features subserving sound recognition . Overall, this review of the acoustics and psychoacoustics of sound scenes and events provides a backdrop for the development of computational methods reported in the other chapters of this volume.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Note that this definition does only apply to musical instruments, though.

  2. 2.

    https://www.head-acoustics.de.

  3. 3.

    https://www.bksv.com/.

  4. 4.

    Physical objects have some privileged vibration frequencies, determined by their geometry. These are the modes of vibration. The sounds produced by an object set in vibration result from a combination of these modes. The particular combination depends on how the object is set in vibration (e.g., where it is struck).

  5. 5.

    The Doppler effect causes a dramatic change of the perceived pitch of a moving object as it passes the observer.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. STMS-Ircam-CNRS-UPMC, 1 place Stravinsky, 75004, Paris, France

    Guillaume Lemaitre

  2. UMR CNRS 5292, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, 50 Av. Tony Garnier, 69366, Lyon Cedex 07, France

    Nicolas Grimault

  3. Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France

    Clara Suied

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  1. Guillaume Lemaitre
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  2. Nicolas Grimault
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  3. Clara Suied
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Correspondence to Guillaume Lemaitre .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Signal Processing, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland

    Tuomas Virtanen

  2. Centre for Vision, Speech and Signal Processing, University of Surrey, Surrey, United Kingdom

    Mark D. Plumbley

  3. Google Inc., New York, New York, USA

    Dan Ellis

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Lemaitre, G., Grimault, N., Suied, C. (2018). Acoustics and Psychoacoustics of Sound Scenes and Events. In: Virtanen, T., Plumbley, M., Ellis, D. (eds) Computational Analysis of Sound Scenes and Events. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-63450-0_3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-63450-0_3

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