Abstract
Humans, or at least the humans reading this book, pride themselves on their intelligence. Humans have by far the most advanced material culture and sophisticated, flexible communication system of any creature on Earth. But many animals show accomplishments that suggest substantial intelligence. So what is intelligence, and how likely is it to arise?
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Further Reading
Definition of Intelligence and Measuring Intelligence
Cairó, O. (2011). External measures of cognition. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 5, 108–125.
Irwin, L. N., & Schulze-Makuch, D. (2011). Cosmic biology: How life could evolve on other worlds. Heidelberg: Springer-Praxis.
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Origin of Intelligence
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Nakagaki, T., Yamada, H., & Tóth, Á. (2000). Intelligence: Maze-solving by an amoeboid organism. Nature, 407, 470. doi:10.1038/35035159.
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Social Intelligence and Eusociality
Giurfa, M. (2007). Behavioral and neural analysis of associative learning in the honeybee: A taste from the magic well. Journal of Comparative Physiology, 193, 801–824. doi:10.1007/s00359-007-0235-9.
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Correlates of Intelligence: Brain Size
Olkowicz, S., Kocourek, M., Lučan, R. K., Porteš, M., Fitch, W. T., Herculano-Houzel, S., et al. (2016). Birds have primate-like numbers of neurons in the forebrain. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, 113, 7255–7260.
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Correlates of Intelligence: Behaviour
Burghardt, G. M. (2005). The genesis of animal play. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Rutz, C., Klump, B. C., Komarczyk, L., Leighton, R., Kramer, J., Wischnewski, S., et al. (2016). Discovery of species-wide tool use in the Hawaiian crow. Nature, 537, 403–407.
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Shumaker, R. W., Walkup, K. R., & Beck, B. B. (2011). Animal tool behaviour: The use and manufacture of tools by animals. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
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Schulze-Makuch, D., Bains, W. (2017). Intelligence, a New Concept?. In: The Cosmic Zoo. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62045-9_10
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62045-9_10
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