Abstract
Palladium (Pd) has close chemical resemblance with nickel and platinum, and its main applications include use in dentistry for crown and bridgework and sometimes use in jewellery. Especially due to the aggressive oral environment, measurable levels of Pd ions from Pd-based dental alloys are observed in the saliva, oral mucosa, peripheral blood, serum, and urine. Current research shows a strong association between (1) exposure to Pd-based dental alloys and sensitization and (2) sensitization to both Pd and Ni. Although pathological potency of Pd is still poorly understood, it has been shown that Pd can activate both the innate and the adaptive immune systems.
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Muris, J., Kleverlaan, C.J. (2018). Metal Allergy: Palladium. In: Chen, J., Thyssen, J. (eds) Metal Allergy. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58503-1_33
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