Abstract
The most notable finding in neurodegenerative diseases is the progressive death of neurones cells. Yet, neuroglial changes can precede and facilitate neuronal loss. This is perhaps expected because astroglial cells maintain the brain homoeostasis, and are responsible for defence and regeneration, so that their malfunction manifested as degeneration or asthenia together with reactivity contribute to pathophysiology. Neuroglia may represent a novel target for therapeutic intervention, be that prevention, slowing progression of or possibly curing neurodegenerative diseases.
Keywords
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Abbreviations
- 3xTg-AD:
-
Triple transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease, overexpressing mutant genes for amyloid precursor protein (APPSwe), presenilin 1 (PS1M146V) and microtubule-associated protein Tau (TauP301L)
- AD:
-
Alzheimer’s disease
- ALS:
-
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
- APP:
-
Amyloid precursor protein
- CNS:
-
Central nervous system
- CPA:
-
Cyclopiazonic acid
- DAT1:
-
Dopamine transporter1
- EAAT2:
-
Excitable amino acid transporter 2
- ER:
-
Endoplasmic reticulum
- HD:
-
Huntington disease
- GRP78:
-
78 kDa glucose-regulated protein
- IDE:
-
Insulin degrading enzyme InsP3: inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
- JAK/STAT3:
-
Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription
- L-DOPA:
-
L-3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
- MHC-II:
-
Major histocompatibility complex II
- mRNA:
-
Messenger RNA
- NFAT:
-
Nuclear factor of activated T-cells
- PD:
-
Parkinson disease
- NF-κB:
-
Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
- PS1:
-
Presenilin 1
- SOCE:
-
Store-operated Ca2+ entry
- SOD1:
-
Superoxide dismutase 1
- TLR2, TLR4:
-
Toll receptors 2, 4
- UPR:
-
Unfolded protein response
- VGLUT1:
-
Vesicular l-glutamate transporter
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Acknowledgements
Authors research was supported by Alzheimer’s Research Trust (UK) Programme Grant (ART/PG2004A/1) to A.V. and J.J.R.; by National Institutes of Health (The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development award HD078678) to V.P.; by the grants P3 310, J3 4051, J3 3632, J3 6790, J3 7605 and J3 4146 from the Slovenian Research Agency (ARRS) and the EduGlia ITN EU grant to R.Z. and A.V.; by Plan Nacional de I+D+I 2008–2011 and ISCIII-Subdirección General de Evaluación y Fomento de la investigación co-financed by FEDER (grant PI10/02738 to J.J.R. and A.V.); by the Government of the Basque Country grants AE-2010-1-28, AEGV10/16 and GV-2011111020 to J.J.R. A.V. was also supported by the Federal Target Program “Research and development in priority areas of the development of the scientific and technological complex of Russia for 2014–2020” of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia, contract 14.581.21.0016 (Project ID RFMEFI58115X0016).
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Verkhratsky, A., Zorec, R., Rodriguez, J.J., Parpura, V. (2017). Neuroglia: Functional Paralysis and Reactivity in Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Pathologies. In: Beart, P., Robinson, M., Rattray, M., Maragakis, N. (eds) Neurodegenerative Diseases. Advances in Neurobiology, vol 15. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57193-5_17
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