Abstract
This compilation of recent data on the distribution, ecology, and conservation status of owls (Strigiformes) in Guatemala is based on an extensive literature review and numerous unpublished observations. Twenty species of owls have been recorded in Guatemala, of which 18 are resident. Breeding has been reported for 17 species, and it is assumed for one species. Two species are considered rare or accidental nonbreeding visitors to Guatemala during the northern winter. Guatemala’s region with the highest species richness in owls is the highlands, where 17 species have been recorded. Twelve species have been recorded in the Pacific slope lowlands and 13 species in the Atlantic slope lowlands. We analyzed the data in the presence and relative abundance of owls from 105 sites from 1989 to 2016. According to the weighted mean value of the relative abundance index across three ornithogeographic regions, the most common owls in the country are (abundance ranking in descending order): Mexican wood owl (Strix squamulata), Ridgway’s pygmy owl (Glaucidium ridgwayi), Guatemalan screech owl (Megascops guatemalae), black-and-white owl (Strix nigrolineata), American barn owl (Tyto furcata), Central American pygmy owl (Glaucidium griseiceps), Guatemalan pygmy owl (Glaucidium cobanense), great horned owl (Bubo virginianus), fulvous owl (Strix fulvescens), unspotted saw-whet owl (Aegolius ridgwayi), whiskered screech owl (Megascops trichopsis), crested owl (Lophostrix cristata), and Pacific screech owl (Megascops cooperi). Guatemala has an adequate legal framework to protect owl species (32% of the country is legally protected), but the conservation is not efficient, causing threats to owl populations. Of 18 resident owl species, 12 are forest specialists. In a vulnerability assessment applying IUCN Red List criteria on a national level, one species has been evaluated as Critically Endangered (CR), one as Endangered (EN), nine as Vulnerable (VU), five as Near Threatened (NT), two as Least Concern (LC), and two as not applicable. Habitat alterations through agriculture, mining, and oil drilling are the main threats. Of the remaining forests, 14% (5500 km2) were lost from 2000 to 2010, and the pressure on natural habitat will further increase. In addition, owls in Guatemala are threatened by direct persecution because of popular superstitions. The network of 21 Important Bird Areas (IBA) in Guatemala includes populations of all owl species. Three species have been recorded in at least 10 IBAs, 12 species in 5–9 IBAs, 4 in 2–4 IBAs, and 1 species in only one IBA. We consider the increase of the education level among the Guatemalan society the main key to protect habitats within the IBAs. A higher level of education would help to slow down population growth, increase environmental awareness, and consequently diminish pressure on natural areas.
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Acknowledgments
This compilation of the current knowledge on owls of Guatemala is based on a thorough ornithological bibliography for the country, which was supported by a multitude of persons and institutions (see acknowledgments in Eisermann and Avendaño 2006). We thank the following communities, institutions, and people, who have supported our field research on owls in Guatemala under the roof of PROEVAL RAXMU Bird Monitoring Program: communities of Rocjá Pomtilá, Sanimtacá, Xalabé, Samac, Loma Linda, Santa María Tzejá, Vega del Volcán, Unión Reforma, Sibinal, and Chiabal; Markus Reinhard, Vera Hurschler de Reinhard, and Armin Schumacher of Reserva Chelemhá; Andy Burge, Mónica Barrios, and staff of the Reserva Los Tarrales; Olga Hazard, Jim Hazard, Jaime Freire, and staff of Reserva Los Andes; Francisco Falla of Finca San Sebastián; Mario Aguilar, Lorena de Aguilar, Paulino Chuvac, and staff of Finca Patrocinio; Mayah and Jeffro of Reserva Laguna Lodge Atitlán; Carlos Mazariegos, Jamie Staples, Marcelino Orozco, and Saúl Sandoval (San Rafael Pie de la Cuesta); Misael Baltazar (Parque Regional Municipal San Pedro Sacatepéquez, dpto. San Marcos), Elías Barrera López (CONAP, Uspantán), Kyle Richard (Peace Corps, Sibinal), David Unger (PROEVAL RAXMU), Esteban Matías (Chiabal); Vinicio Bravo, Otilio Bravo, and Román Bartolón (Asociación de Desarrollo Agroforestal Integral Sostenible – ADAFIS); and Rafael Esquivel and José Roberto Jarquín. The National Council of Protected Areas (CONAP) provided research permits.
We thank the following persons for contributing unpublished data: Rogelio Rax Xo, Ernesto Chalib Rax, Juan Mez Saquí, Ernesto Col, Efraín Pop Chub, Efraín Caal, and Roberto Caal (PROEVAL RAXMU Bird Monitoring Program); Susanne Arbeiter (PROEVAL RAXMU Bird Monitoring Program and Fachhochschule Eberswalde, Germany), Roan B. McNab, and Marcial Córdova (Wildlife Conservation Society, Guatemala); Andy Burge, Josué de León Lux, and Gerardo López (Lalo); Everilda Buchán, Léster de León Lux, and Aaron de León Lux (Reserva Los Tarrales); Jesús Lucas Yuxón (Reserva Los Andes); Colum Muccio, Oda Ericastilla, and Luisa María Ortiz Samayoa (ARCAS); Steve Howell (Point Reyes Bird Observatory); Kurt Duchez, Franklin Herrera, and Julio Romero (CONAP Central); Eugenio Gobbato (Hacienda Tijax); and Rafael Esquivel, Jason Berry, Kate Cleary, Jean-Luc Betoulle, Nicholas Komar, Aquiles Estuardo Hernández, Javier Rivas, Robin Schiele, Claudia Múnera, Roger Wilson, Daniel Tenez, Jorge Antonio Jarquín, Abel Alejandro Anzueto, Janet S. Duerr, Olivier Barden, María Vicente Hernández, Carol Anderson, John Paul Cahill, Melvin Rivera Mejía, Luis Oliveros, Alfonso Chávez, and participants of the Christmas Bird Counts in Tikal, Antigua Guatemala, and at Volcán Atitlán organized by CAYAYA BIRDING. Thanks to Eugenio Gobbato, Susanne Arbeiter, and Melvin Rivera Mejía for the contribution of photographs. We thank Sylke Frahnert and Pascal Eckhoff for access and assistance during reviewing specimens in Zoological Museum Berlin (ZMB), Germany; Mayra Maldonado (Zoological collection of the Universidad Del Valle de Guatemala) and Brenda Chávez (Natural History Museum of Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala) for facilitating access to the collection under their responsibility; and Claudia Múnera for reviewing specimens. Betsy Sánchez of Garífuna Cultural Center, Livingston, and Tomás Sánchez translated common names into Garífuna.
We appreciate comments on an earlier version of the manuscript by three anonymous reviewers, improvements on the English usage provided by an anonymous reviewer, and editorial efforts by Paula L. Enríquez. This contribution of the PROEVAL RAXMU Bird Monitoring Program includes data collected during projects supported by US Fish and Wildlife Service, Stiftung Artenschutz, Germany; Verein Sächsischer Ornithologen, Germany; Unión para Proteger el Bosque Nuboso (UPROBON), Guatemala; Reserva Los Tarrales, Heifer International Guatemala, Austrian Development Agency, Asociación de Desarrollo Agroforestal Integral Sostenible (ADAFIS), and CAYAYA BIRDING, Guatemala.
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Appendices
Appendix 13.1
Geographic coordinates of all sites mentioned in the text and relative abundance of owls at 105 sites
Site | Geographic coordinates | Referencesa | Regionb | Relative abundance index for each speciesc | |||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TYT FUR | PSI FLA | MEG COO | MEG TRI | MEG BAR | MEG GUA | BUB VIR | PUL PER | STR SQU | CIC NIG | STR FUL | LOP CRI | GLA COB | GLA GRI | GLA RID | ATH CUN | AEG RID | ASI STY | ASI CLA | ASI FLA | ||||
Agua Escondida, dpto. Sololá | 14.6641°N 91.1072°W | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Alotenango, dpto. Sacatepéquez | 14.4869°N 90.8050°W | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Antigua Guatemala, dpto. Sacatepéquez | 14.5586°N 90.7331°W | R. Wilson, Eisermann and Avendaño (2015) | H | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Área de Uso Múltiple Monterrico, dpto. Santa Rosa | 13.8986°N 90.4703°W | Dickerman and Brash (1980), Robbins and Dowell (1992), Dickerman (2007); O. Barden in Eisermann and Avendaño (2015); KE and CA, pers. obs.; A. Chávez, Personal Communication | P | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Área de Uso Múltiple Río Sarstún, dpto. Izabal | 15.9029°N 88.9986°W | Arrivillaga et al. (1992), J. Fagan and L. Andino in Jones and Komar (2010a) | A | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Archaeological site El Mirador, dpto. Petén | 17.7531°N 89.9174°W | Budney et al. 2008 | A | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Archaeological site El Perú, dpto. Petén | 17.2717°N 90.3656°W | See data for Parque Nacional Laguna del Tigre | |||||||||||||||||||||
Archaeological site El Tintal, dpto. Petén | 17.5761°N 89.9991°W | Budney et al. (2008) | A | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Biotopo Chocón Machacas, dpto. Izabal | 15.7628°N 88.9048°W | Pérez Consuegra et al. (2001) | A | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Biotopo Mario Dary, dpto. Baja Verapaz | 15.2134°N 90.2203°W | Bardolf and Bauer (1992), Eisermann and Avendaño (2006, 2015) | H | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Biotopo Naachtún - Dos Lagunas, dpto. Petén | 17.7384°N 89.5566°W | A | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Biotopo San Miguel La Palotada - El Zotz, dpto. Petén | 17.2340°N 89.8069°W | A | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Buena Vista, Parque Nacional Laguna del Tigre, dpto. Petén | 17.2961°N 90.1267°W | See data for Parque Nacional Laguna del Tigre | |||||||||||||||||||||
Cahabón, dpto. Alta Verapaz | 15.6059°N 89.8123°W | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Carmelita, dpto. Petén | 17.4618°N 90.0556°W | Molina (1998) | A | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Cebollito, dpto. Santa Rosa | 13.8748°N 90.4281°W | See data for Área de Uso Múltiple Monterrico | |||||||||||||||||||||
Cerro Cruz Maltín, dpto. Huehuetenango | 15.6803°N 91.2402°W | Garcia Barrientos and Gaitán González (2003) | H | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Cerro El Amay, dpto. Quiché | 15.4945°N 90.7989°W | H | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Cerro Montecristo, dpto. Chiquimula | 14.4167°N 89.3500°W | H | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Cerro San Gil, dpto. Izabal | 15.6667°N 88.7833°W | Robbins and Dowell (1992, 1993, 1995); Dowell et al. (1994), Robbins (1996), Cerezo (2001), Cerezo et al. (2005), Eisermann and Avendaño (2015) | A | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Cerro Tecpán, dpto. Chimaltenango | 14.7828°N 91.0268°W | Eisermann and Avendaño (2015) | H | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Cobán, dpto. Alta Verapaz | 15.4705°N 90.3701°W | Eisermann and Avendaño (2015) | H | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Champerico, dpto. Retalhuleu | 14.2954°N 91.9107°W | ||||||||||||||||||||||
El Cacahuito, dpto. Santa Rosa | 14.0904°N 90.4469°W | ||||||||||||||||||||||
El Estor, dpto. Izabal | 15.5249°N 89.3354°W | Dowell et al. (1994) | A | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
El Jobal, dpto. Huehuetenango | 15.6167°N 91.9333°W | Sandoval (2000) | P | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
El Rancho, dpto. El Progreso | 14.9158°N 90.0074°W | ||||||||||||||||||||||
El Remate, dpto. Petén | 16.9943°N 89.6922°W | KE, O. Barden, J. P. Cahill in Eisermann and Avendaño (2015) | A | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Escuintla, dpto. Escuintla | 14.3057°N 90.7840°W | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Finca Cataluña, dpto. Retalhuleu | 14.4727°N 92.0241°W | J. Berry in Eisermann and Avendaño (2015) | P | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Finca Chaculá and Yalambojoch, dpto. Huehuetenango | 15.9754°N 91.6517°W | KE and CA, pers. obs., R. A. Jiménez, Personal Communication | H | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Finca Dos Marias, dpto. San Marcos | 14.8174°N 91.8054°W | D.S. Cooper in Eisermann and Avendaño (2015) | H | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Finca El Carmen, dpto. Huehuetenango | 15.9167°N 91.7167°W | Sandoval (2000) | H | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Finca El Faro Volcán Santa María (<1000 m), dpto. Quetzaltenango | 14.6755°N 91.5819°W | P | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Finca El Faro, Volcán Santa María (>1000 m), dpto. Quetzaltenango | 14.6755°N 91.5819°W | H | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Finca El Pilar, dpto. Sacatepéquez | 14.5333°N 90.7000°W | Eisermann (2010a); Eisermann and Avendaño (2015); KE, pers. obs. | H | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Finca El Zur, dpto. Escuintla | 14.4072°N 90.7564°W | See data for Volcán Agua | |||||||||||||||||||||
Finca Filadelfia, dpto. Sacatepéquez | 14.6016°N 90.7196°W | Eisermann (2010a), J. Fagan in Jones and Komar 2010a, Eisermann and Avendaño (2015) | H | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Finca Las Nubes, dpto. Suchitepéquez | 14.6668°N 91.4914°W | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Finca Los Cimientos, dpto. Huehuetenango | 15.8833°N 91.8167°W | Sandoval (2000) | P | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Finca Patoquer, dpto. Chimaltenango | 14.6505°N 91.0297°W | C. Prahl in Eisermann and Avendaño (2015) | H | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Finca Patrocinio, dpto. Quetzaltenango | 14.6600°N 91.6000°W | J. Berry in Eisermann and Avendaño (2015), Eisermann and Avendaño (2015) | P | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Finca San Diego, dpto. Escuintla | 14.4142°N 90.7867°W | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Finca San Francisco, dpto. Huehuetenango | 15.9833°N 91.5500°W | Sandoval (2000) | H | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Finca Santa Victoria, dpto. Sololá | 14.7692°N 91.1340°W | Eisermann and Avendaño (2015) | H | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Gualán, dpto. Zacapa | 15.1136°N 89.3588°W | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Guatemala City, dpto. Guatemala | 14.6190°N 90.5246°W | Eisermann and Avendaño (2015), C. Múnera in Eisermann and Avendaño (2015), ARCAS, CONAP, MUSHNAT | H | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Hacienda California, dpto. San Marcos | 14.5592°N 92.1753°W | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Huehuetenango, dpto. Huehuetenango | 15.3201°N 91.4702°W | ||||||||||||||||||||||
La Avellana, dpto. Santa Rosa | 13.9212°N 90.4675°W | See data for Área de Uso Múltiple Monterrico | |||||||||||||||||||||
La Cumbre, El Paraíso, Cuilco, dpto. Huehuetenango | 15.5500°N 91.9833°W | Sandoval (2000) | H | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
La Pasadita (archaeological site), dpto. Petén | 17.0095°N 91.0621°W | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Laguna Lodge Eco-Resort and Nature Reserve, dpto. Sololá | 14.7433°N 91.1972°W | Eisermann and Avendaño (2015) | H | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Laguna Yolnabaj, dpto. Huehuetenango | 16.0333°N 91.5833°W | Sandoval (2000) | H | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Lake Güija, dpto. Jutiapa | 14.2667°N 89.5500°W | Herrera (2005) | P | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Lanquín, dpto. Alta Verapaz | 15.5761°N 89.9803°W | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Loma Linda, dpto. Quetzaltenango | 14.7287°N 91.6270°W | Eisermann and Avendaño (2015) | H | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Los Robles, dpto. Sololá | 14.7048°N 91.0853°W | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Manchón-Guamuchal, dptos. Retalhuleu and San Marcos | 14.4368°N 92.0914°W | J. Berry in Eisermann and Avendaño (2015), K. Eisermann and C. Avendaño, pers. obs., J. de León Lux, eBird, S20373838 | P | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Mazatenango, dpto. Suchitepéquez | 14.5339°N 91.5042°W | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Momostenango, dpto. Totonicapán, 7 km south of town | 14.9825°N 91.4370°W | Eisermann and Avendaño (2015) | H | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Montaña Caquipec, dpto. Alta Verapaz | 15.3667°N 90.1833°W | Eisermann and Schulz (2005) | H | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Montaña Guaxac (<1000 m), dpto. Alta Verapaz | 15.3333°N 90.1333°W | Eisermann (2001b) | A | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Montaña Guaxac (>1000 m), dpto. Alta Verapaz | 15.3333°N 90.1333°W | Eisermann (2001b) | H | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Montaña Sacranix (<1000 m), Alta Verapaz | 15.5203°N 90.4658°W | Eisermann (2001b) | A | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Montaña Sacranix (>1000 m), dpto. Alta Verapaz | 15.5203°N 90.4658°W | Eisermann (2001b) | H | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Montaña Yalijux (>1000 m), dpto. Alta Verapaz | 15.3971°N 90.0496°W | Renner et al. (2006), Eisermann and Avendaño (2015); KE, pers. obs. | H | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Monterrico, dpto. Santa Rosa | 13.8926°N 90.4800°W | See data for Área de Uso Múltiple Monterrico | |||||||||||||||||||||
Monumento Cultural Aguateca, dpto. Petén | 16.3914°N 90.2284°W | AHT International (2000) | A | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Monumento Cultural Ceibal, dpto. Petén | 16.5067°N 90.0739°W | AHT International (2000) | A | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Morazán, dpto. El Progreso | 14.9335°N 90.1423°W | Eisermann and Avendaño (2015) | A | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Novillero (Parque Corazón del Bosque), dpto. Sololá | 14.7941°N 91.2678°W | Eisermann and Avendaño (2015) | H | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Ocós, dpto. San Marcos | 14.5080°N 92.1946°W | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Panajachel, dpto. Sololá | 14.7396°N 91.1595°W | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Panzós, dpto. Alta Verapaz | 15.3996°N 89.6407°W | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Parque Nacional El Rosario, dpto. Petén | 16.5198°N 90.1584°W | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Parque Nacional Laguna del Tigre, dpto. Petén | 17.5045°N 90.6780°W | Baumgarten (1998), Ordoñez (1998), Castillo Villeda (2001); M. Córdova, M. Rivera Mejía in Eisermann and Avendaño (2015), J. P. Cahill in Jones and Komar (2015) | A | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Parque Nacional Laguna Lachuá, dpto. Alta Verapaz | 15.9167°N 90.6667°W | Avendaño (2001), Eisermann (2001b), Eisermann and Avendaño (2015) | A | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Parque Nacional Mirador-Río Azul, dpto. Petén | 17.7500°N 89.3333°W | Radachowsky et al. (2004) | A | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Parque Nacional Sierra del Lacandón, dpto. Petén | 17.0298°N 90.9571°W | Morales (2001), Puebla-Olivares et al. (2002), Tenez (2007), R.B. McNab in Eisermann and Avendaño (2015) | A | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Parque Nacional Tikal, dpto. Petén | 17.2333°N 89.6167°W | Beavers et al. (1991), Beavers (1992), Gerhardt et al. (1994a), Eisermann (2007c, 2008b, 2009b, 2010c), L. Oliveros in Eisermann and Avendaño (2015) | A | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Parque Nacional Yaxhá-Nakum-Naranjo, dpto. Petén | 17.1327°N 89.4124°W | Seavy et al. (1995), J. P. Cahill (eBird) | A | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Parque Regional Municipal Canjulá, Sibinal, dpto. San Marcos | 15.1295°N 92.0619°W | Eisermann and Avendaño (2015) | H | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Parque Regional Municipal Lo de China, El Jícaro, dpto. El Progreso | 14.8959°N 89.8860°W | Eisermann and Avendaño (2015) | A | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Parque Regional Municipal Los Altos de San Miguel Totonicapán, dpto. Totonicapán | 14.9223°N 91.3323°W | Eisermann and Avendaño (2015), J. Berry, K. Cleary, J. P. Cahill in Eisermann and Avendaño (2015) | H | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Parque Regional Municipal Niño Dormido, Cabañas, dpto. Zacapa | 14.9099°N 89.8109°W | Eisermann and Avendaño (2015) | A | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Parque Regional Municipal San Pedro Sacatepéquez, dpto. San Marcos | 15.0085°N 91.7939°W | Eisermann and Avendaño (2015) | H | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Parque Regional Municipal Todos Santos Cuchumatán, dpto. Huehuetenango | 15.5313°N 91.5823°W | García Barrientos and Gaitán González (2003), Eisermann et al. (2017), KE and CA, pers. obs. | H | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Parramos, dpto. Chimaltenango | 14.6095°N 90.8030°W | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Patzún, dpto. Chimaltenango | 14.6834°N 91.0148°W | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Pepajau, dpto. Huehuetenango | 15.5373°N 91.4279°W | Garcia Barrientos and Gaitán González (2003) | H | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Puerto Barrios, dpto. Izabal | 15.7351°N 88.5980°W | J.-L. Betoulle in Eisermann and Avendaño (2015) | A | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Puerto San José, dpto. Escuintla | 13.9246°N 90.8210°W | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Quetzaltenango, dpto. Quetzaltenango | 14.8333°N 91.5167°W | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Refugio de Vida Silvestre El Pucté, dpto. Petén | 16.6277°N 90.3749°W | AHT International (2000) | A | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Refugio de Vida Silvestre Petexbatún, dpto. Petén | 16.4507°N 90.1814°W | AHT International (2000) | A | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Refugio de Vida Silvestre Punta de Manabique, dpto. Izabal | 15.8000°N 88.4167°W | Eisermann (2001a), J. P. Cahill, eBird, S15494859 | A | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Refugio de Vida Silvestre Xutilhá, dpto. Petén | 16.3460°N 89.7714°W | AHT International (2000) | A | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Refugio del Quetzal (municipal reserve of San Rafael Pie de la Cuesta), dpto. San Marcos | 14.9398°N 91.8748°W | Eisermann and Avendaño (2015) | H | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Reserva Atitlán, dpto. Sololá | 14.7524°N 91.1673°W | Eisermann and Avendaño (2015) | H | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Reserva Biológica San Román, dpto. Petén | 16.2826°N 90.2950°W | AHT International (2000) | A | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Reserva Chelemhá, dpto. Alta Verapaz | 15.3833°N 90.0667°W | See data for Montaña Yalijux | |||||||||||||||||||||
Reserva de Biosfera Montañas Mayas Chiquibul, dpto. Petén | 16.4477°N 89.2910°W | AHT International (2000) | A | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Reserva Heloderma, El Arenal, Cabañas, dpto. Zacapa | 14.8625°N 89.7898°W | J. Berry, J. P. Cahill in Jones and Komar (2013); J. P. Cahill and K. V. Vusse, eBird (S21596821) | A | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Reserva Los Andes, dpto. Suchitepéquez | 14.5333°N 91.1833°W | See data for Volcán Atitlán | |||||||||||||||||||||
Reserva Los Tarrales, dpto. Suchitepéquez | 14.5333°N 91.1667°W | See data for Volcán Atitlán | |||||||||||||||||||||
Reserva Pachuj and Cerro Iquitiú, dpto. Sololá | 14.61188°N 91.1259°W | Valdez et al. (1999), Eisermann (2009a), Eisermann and Avendaño (2015) | H | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Rincón Grande, dpto. Baja Verapaz | 15.0352°N 90.3430°W | Eisermann and Avendaño (2015) | H | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Río Dulce (Fronteras), dpto. Izabal | 15.6608°N 89.0070°W | Rotenberg (2007); E. Gobbato in Eisermann and Avendaño (2015), Eisermann and Avendaño (2015) | A | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Sabana Grande, dpto. Chiquimula | 14.7373°N 89.5566°W | Eisermann and Avendaño (2015) | A | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Sacapulas, dpto. Quiché | 15.2879°N 91.0902°W | ||||||||||||||||||||||
San Benito, dpto. Petén | 16.9237°N 89.9180°W | ||||||||||||||||||||||
San Bernardo, dpto. Guatemala | 14.8777°N 90.4387°W | ||||||||||||||||||||||
San Carlos Sija, dpto. Quetzaltenango | 14.9858°N 91.5426°W | Eisermann and Avendaño (2015) | H | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
San Gerónimo, dpto. Baja Verapaz | 15.0605°N 90.2386°W | ||||||||||||||||||||||
San Joaquín, dpto. Alta Verapaz | 15.3349°N 90.4774°W | Eisermann and Avendaño (2015) | H | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
San Lucas Tolimán, dpto. Sololá | 14.6335°N 91.1456°W | ||||||||||||||||||||||
San Miguel Dueñas, dpto. Sacatepéquez | 14.5238°N 90.7971°W | Eisermann and Avendaño (2015) | H | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
San Pedro Mártir, dpto. Escuintla | 14.3442°N 90.7477°W | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Santa Bárbara, dpto. Baja Verapaz | 15.0715°N 90.1805°W | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Santa María de Jesús, dpto. Quetzaltenango | 14.7236°N 91.5254°W | J. Berry in Eisermann and Avendaño (2015) | H | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Santa María Tzejá, dpto. Quiché | 15.8662°N 90.8901°W | Eisermann (2011c) | A | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Santa Rosa, Cuilco, dpto. Huehuetenango | 15.4518°N 92.0089°W | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Selempín, dpto. Izabal | 15.3190°N 89.4071°W | Seglund and Conner (1997) | A | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Semuc Champey, dpto. Alta Verapaz | 15.5340°N 89.9587°W | A. Monroy Ojeda in Jones and Komar (2010b), Eisermann and Avendaño (2015) | A | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Sierra Chinajá, dpto. Alta Verapaz | 15.9896°N 90.2198°W | APROBA SANK (2006) | A | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Sierra de las Minas (>1000 m), dptos. El Progreso and Zacapa | 15.1426°N 89.8314°W | Land (1962b), Robbins and Dowell (1992), Eisermann (1999), Eisermann and Avendaño (2015) | H | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Sierra del Merendón, incl. Sierra Caral and Sierra del Espíritu Santo, dpto. Izabal | 15.4500°N 88.5667°W | Arrivillaga et al. (1992), Cerezo and Ramírez (2003), J. P. Cahill (eBird, S11305278) | A | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Sierra Santa Cruz, dpto. Izabal | 15.6333°N 89.4167°W | Arrivillaga et al. (1992), Pérez (1998), Cerezo and Ramírez (2002) | A | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Soloma, dpto. Huehuetenango | 15.6575°N 91.4322°W | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Sumpango, dpto. Chimaltenango | 14.6471°N 90.7358°W | MUSHNAT | H | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Takalik Abaj, dpto. Retalhuleu | 14.6466°N 91.7362°W | J. Berry, C. Múnera, R. Schiele in Eisermann and Avendaño (2015), Eisermann and Avendaño (2015) | P | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Tontem, dpto. Alta Verapaz | 15.4153°N 90.4032°W | Eisermann and Avendaño (2015); KE, pers. obs. | H | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Tulumaje, dpto. El Progreso | 14.9276°N 90.0326°W | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Unicornio Azul, Chiantla, dpto. Huehuetenango | 15.3923°N 91.3809°W | Eisermann and Avendaño (2015), KE, pers. obs. | H | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Unión Reforma, Sibinal, dpto. San Marcos | 15.1633°N 92.0199°W | Eisermann and Avendaño (2015) | H | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Uspantán, dpto. Quiché | 15.3480°N 90.8698°W | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Usumatlán, dpto. Zacapa | 14.9469°N 89.7767°W | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Polochic valley near Tucurú, dpto. Alta Verapaz | 15.2744°N 90.0932°W | Sigüenza (1997) | A | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Vega del Volcán, Sibinal, dpto. San Marcos | 15.1523°N 92.0830°W | KE and CA, pers. obs. | H | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Volcán Acatenango, dpto. Sacatepéquez | 14.5068°N 90.8741°W | H | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Volcán de Agua (>1000 m), dpto. Sacatepéquez | 14.4673°N 90.7407°W | Eisermann and Avendaño (2015); D. Aldana, eBird (S25925893, S17510117, S30623549) | H | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Volcán Atitlán (<1000 m), dpto. Suchitepéquez | 14.5821°N 91.1876°W | Eisermann (2008a, 2009a, 2010b), A.A. Anzueto, J. de León Lux in Eisermann and Avendaño (2015), Eisermann and Avendaño (2015); J. de León Lux, Personal Communication | P | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Volcán Atitlán (>1000 m) dptos. Suchitepéquez and Sololá | 14.5821°N 91.1876°W | Eisermann (2008a), Eisermann and Avendaño (2015), C. Múnera in Eisermann and Avendaño (2015) | H | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Volcán Candelaria, dpto. Quetzaltenango | 14.8000°N 91.5167°W | J. Berry in Eisermann and Avendaño (2015) | H | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Volcán Fuego, dptos. Sacatepéquez, Escuintla, and Chimaltenango | 14.4750°N 90.8808°W | H | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Volcán Lacandón, dpto. Quetzaltenango | 14.8164°N 91.7170°W | Tenez (2005b) | H | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Volcán San Pedro, dpto. Sololá | 14.6594°N 91.2658°W | J. Rivas, J.S. Duerr, Carol Anderson in Eisermann and Avendaño (2015) | H | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Volcán Santa María, dpto. Quetzaltenango | 14.7569°N 91.5520°W | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Volcán Santiaguito, dpto. Quetzaltenango | 14.7426°N 91.5709°W | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Volcán Santo Tomás-Zunil, dptos. Quetzaltenango and Suchitepéquez | 14.7331°N 91.4694°W | Brooks and Gee (2006), J. Berry in Eisermann and Avendaño (2015), Eisermann and Avendaño (2015), M. Retter, eBird (S31493329); J. P. Cahill, eBird (S17051774); A. P. Oxom, eBird (S17399804) | H | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Volcán Suchitán, dpto. Jutiapa | 14.4000°N 89.7833°W | Valdez et al. (1999), Museum of Vertebrate Zoology-UC Berkeley- MVZ Bird Collection (2015) | H | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Volcán Tolimán, dpto. Sololá | 14.6230°N 91.1861°W | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Appendix 13.2
Common names for American barn owl (Tyto furcata) and owls (Strigidae) in the majority of languages in Guatemala
Language | Common name for American barn owl Tyto furcata | Common name for owl (Strigidae)a |
|---|---|---|
Spanish | Lechuza | Tecolote, búho |
Achí | Xooch’ | Tukur |
Kaqchikel | Xoch’ | Tukre |
K’iche’ | Xooch’ | Tukur |
Poqomam | Kuxkux | Tuhkur |
Poqomchii’ | Xooch’ | Tuhkur |
Q’eqchi’ | Hoob’aq | Warom |
Sakapulteko | Xoch’ | Tukur |
Sipakapense | Sootz’ | Tukr |
Tz’utujiil | Xo’uuch’ | Xken |
Uspanteko | Wupup | Tukur |
Akateko | Tonton | Tukulin |
Chuj | Tzulpop | Tukul |
Popti’ | No’huh | No’ku’ |
Q’anjob’al | Chulpop | Tukur, tonton |
Ch’orti’ | Xo’ch | Tijkirin |
Itzaj | Xooch | B’uj |
Mopan | Ch’aaw | Buj |
Ixhil | Xotx’ | Tuuqul |
Mam | Xitx’ | Tukru |
Awakateko | Tukuru | Tukuru |
Garífuna | Duguyu | Duguyu |
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Eisermann, K., Avendaño, C. (2017). The Owls of Guatemala. In: Enriquez, P. (eds) Neotropical Owls. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57108-9_13
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