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New Trends in Stem Cell Transplantation in Diabetes Mellitus Type I and Type II

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Pancreas, Kidney and Skin Regeneration

Part of the book series: Stem Cells in Clinical Applications ((SCCA))

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is reported as the most common metabolic disorder and considered major causes of morbidity and mortality. Type 1 DM (T1DM) is considered an autoimmune disease characterized by deficiency of the insulin secretion due to destruction of specific insulin-producing β-cells. Type 2 DM (T2DM) is defined as an endocrine disease associated with predominantly insulin resistance/metabolically active obese, adipocytokines abnormalities, and secondary development of β-cell dysfunction. With growing understanding of the pathogenesis of DM, alternative approaches aiming at repair and restoration of endogenous insulin production, regulation of metabolic processes with stem cell transplantation are increasingly considered as complements to current diabetes therapy strategies. However, the data on regenerative care in DM are not uniform. There are discrepancies between results received from the animal studies and data obtained by clinical investigations in this field. On the one hand, such inconsistencies have accompanied the fact that several types of stem cells were tested as perspective for regenerative strategy and nor all of stem cells were available in routine clinical practice. On the other hand, patients with different types of diabetes at several stages of evolution of the disease are failed to uniform considered candidates for stem cells transplantation and they probably are required a controversial approaches. Given the conflicting evidence concerning stem cell replacement in DM, the aim of the chapter is to explore, analyze, and summarize the data to clarify current knowledge and identify the future perspectives for regenerative care among DM patients. The present chapter accumulated contemporary knowledge regarding a paradigm of the regenerative therapy in DM. It is discussed the role of use of reprogramming stem cells, bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells, and lineage-specified progenitor cells in modern approaches of DM care.

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Abbreviations

ABMSCs:

Autologous bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells

ADSCs:

Adipose-derived stem cells

CPC:

Circulating precursor cells

DM:

Diabetes mellitus

EPC:

Endothelial progenitor cells

ESCs:

Embryonic stem cells

PSCs:

Pluripotent stem cells

SCs:

Stem cells

T1DM:

Type one diabetes mellitus

T2DM:

Type two diabetes mellitus

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Cardiology Unit, Internal Medicine Department, State Medical University, 26, Mayakovsky av., Zaporozhye, Ukraine

    Alexander E. Berezin

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  1. Laboratory of Stem Cell Research and Application, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

    Phuc Van Pham

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Berezin, A.E. (2017). New Trends in Stem Cell Transplantation in Diabetes Mellitus Type I and Type II. In: Pham, P. (eds) Pancreas, Kidney and Skin Regeneration. Stem Cells in Clinical Applications. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55687-1_3

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