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Emerging Role of ncRNAs in Cancer Biology: Techniques for Diagnostic Monitoring and Potential ncRNA-Based Therapies

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Molecular Oncology: Underlying Mechanisms and Translational Advancements

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Abstract

In the last 10 years, the discovery that the human genome is able to generate a large number of RNAs non coding for proteins (ncRNAs) has changed our way to approach the understanding and studying of biology. In particular, the discovery of several Long ncRNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) with tumor suppressor or oncogenic function, opened new horizons in molecular oncology research, diagnosis and potential therapies.

Cancer types need to be differentiated by cell type of origin, histological features and genes expression. In addition, it has been recently demonstrated the power of lncRNA signatures in diagnosis of many types of cancer and in the prediction of patients survival.

As oncogenic ncRNAs may support survival of the transformed cells, thus leading to therapy resistance, ncRNA silencing therapies could be a valuable approach to be associated with anticancer drugs and chemotherapy treatments.

Blocking of oncomiR may be achieved by introduction of miRNA sponges with multiple complementary sequences, by antisense oligonucleotides, anti-microRNA sequences (with modified oligonucleotides such as locked nucleic acids, phosphorothioate backbone sequences preventing the cleavage, and 2-O-methoxyethyl modified sequences) named antagomirs. On the other hand, detection of deregulated lncRNAs in tumors as diagnostic biomarkers start to be used in the clinical practice.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. CNR-ISPA, Institute of Sciences of Food Productions, National Research Council, Lecce, Italy

    Palmiro Poltronieri & Oscar F. D’Urso

  2. Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples, Naples, Italy

    Massimo Mallardo

Authors
  1. Palmiro Poltronieri
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  2. Oscar F. D’Urso
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  3. Massimo Mallardo
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Correspondence to Palmiro Poltronieri .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Biomedical and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Islamabad, Pakistan

    Ammad Ahmad Farooqi

  2. Institute of Biomedical and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Islamabad, Pakistan

    Muhammad Ismail

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© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG

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Poltronieri, P., D’Urso, O.F., Mallardo, M. (2017). Emerging Role of ncRNAs in Cancer Biology: Techniques for Diagnostic Monitoring and Potential ncRNA-Based Therapies. In: Farooqi, A., Ismail, M. (eds) Molecular Oncology: Underlying Mechanisms and Translational Advancements. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53082-6_5

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