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Nanotechnology-Based Stem Cell Applications and Imaging

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Imaging in Stem Cell Transplant and Cell-based Therapy

Part of the book series: Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine ((STEMCELL))

Abstract

While the introduction of stem cell-based therapies has significantly widened the horizons of regenerative medicine, notable problems still persist in harvesting the relevant stem cells from the body, introducing them into an optimal microenvironment, and ensuring sustainable differentiation into appropriate and functional tissue once inside the body. Conventional methods of chemically inducing stem cells into specific lineages is being challenged by the advances in biomaterial technology, which suggests that engineered material properties are able to determine stem cell fate [1]. Modern materials such as nanomaterials are designed to conjugate with, or encapsulate the stem cells, to ensure that the artificial microenvironment of transplanted stem cells mimics the chemical and topographical cues that guide differentiation in the extracellular matrix of the native stem cell niche—“convincing” the cells to grow into appropriate, functional tissue. Another useful aspect of joining stem cells with nanomaterials is that nanoparticles can often be imaged with routine clinical imaging modalities such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), providing more reliable methods of locating and tracking the transplanted cells.

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Abbreviations

CNT:

Carbon nanotubes

DNA:

Deoxyribonucleic acid

GNR:

Gold nanorods

GNS:

Gold nanoshells

GNT:

Golden carbon nanotubes

MRI:

Magnetic resonance imaging

NIR:

Near-infrared

PAI:

Photoacoustic imaging

RNA:

Ribonucleic acid

SPIO:

Superparamagnetic iron oxide

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA

    Hanna A. Jensen M.D., Ph.D. & Morten O. Jensen Ph.D., Dr., Med.

  2. Institute for Nanoscience and Engineering, The University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA

    Elizabeth M. Martin Ph.D. & Jin-Woo Kim Ph.D.

  3. Department of Cardiology and Interventional Cardiology, The University of Rome, Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy

    Francesco Romeo M.D.

  4. Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome, Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy

    Aldo Di Carlo Ph.D.

  5. Department of Cardiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA

    Jawahar L. Mehta M.D., Ph.D.

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  1. Hanna A. Jensen M.D., Ph.D.
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Correspondence to Hanna A. Jensen M.D., Ph.D. .

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  1. Department of Radiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA

    Tarun Pandey

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Jensen, H.A. et al. (2017). Nanotechnology-Based Stem Cell Applications and Imaging. In: Pandey, T. (eds) Imaging in Stem Cell Transplant and Cell-based Therapy. Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine. Humana Press, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51833-6_2

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