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Bioprospecting pp 81–112Cite as

Bioprospecting Archaea: Focus on Extreme Halophiles

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Part of the book series: Topics in Biodiversity and Conservation ((TOBC,volume 16))

Abstract

In 1990, Woese et al. divided the Tree of Life into three separate domains: Eukarya, Bacteria, and Archaea. Archaea were originally perceived as little more than “odd bacteria” restricted to extreme environmental niches, but later discoveries challenged this assumption. Members of this domain populate a variety of unexpected environments (e.g. soils, seawater, and human bodies), and we currently witness ongoing massive expansions of the archaeal branch of the Tree of Life. Archaea are now recognized as major players in the biosphere and constitute a significant fraction of the earth’s biomass, yet they remain underexplored. An ongoing surge in exploration efforts is leading to an increase in the (a) number of isolated strains, (b) associated knowledge, and (c) utilization of Archaea in biotechnology. They are increasingly employed in fields as diverse as biocatalysis, biocomputing, bioplastic production, bioremediation, bioengineering, food, pharmaceuticals, and nutraceuticals. This chapter provides a general overview on bioprospecting Archaea, with a particular focus on extreme halophiles. We explore aspects such as diversity, ecology, screening techniques and biotechnology. Current and future trends in mining for applications are discussed.

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Acknowledgments

The authors of this publication were partially supported by competitive research funding from King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), and by KAUST baseline research funds to VBB.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology, Edge Hill University, St Helens Road, Ormskirk, Lancashire, L39 4QP, UK

    André Antunes & Marta F. Simões

  2. Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering (PSE), KAUST Catalysis Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

    Stefan W. Grötzinger & Jörg Eppinger

  3. Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, K K Birla, Goa Campus, NH 17B, Zuarinagar, Goa, 403 726, India

    Judith Bragança

  4. Division of Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering (CEMSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia

    Vladimir B. Bajic

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    Russell Paterson

  2. Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal

    Nelson Lima

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Antunes, A., Simões, M.F., Grötzinger, S.W., Eppinger, J., Bragança, J., Bajic, V.B. (2017). Bioprospecting Archaea: Focus on Extreme Halophiles. In: Paterson, R., Lima, N. (eds) Bioprospecting. Topics in Biodiversity and Conservation, vol 16. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47935-4_5

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