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Imaging and Therapeutic Potential of Extracellular Vesicles

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Design and Applications of Nanoparticles in Biomedical Imaging

Abstract

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are multifaceted subcellular entities that act as a far-reaching intercellular communication pathway controlling cell signaling. Such unique properties stem from the extraordinary ability of EVs to transfer biomolecules between neighbor and distal cells. The possibility of engineering EVs for imaging or therapeutic purposes is now an active research field. On the one side, EV engineering with an image tracer aims to enable biodistribution investigation, which is fundamental for deciphering the complex fate of EV in the organism. On the other side, vesicle engineering with drug or heating nanoparticles attempts to translate such cell communication effectors into an intrinsically biocompatible bio-inspired vector for therapy. Herein we provide an overview of critical steps in EV engineering such as production, loading, isolation, and characterization. We also focus on recent studies evidencing that EVs may be tracked by imaging approaches or harnessed for the delivery of therapeutic agents via the introduction of exogenous cargoes such as nanoparticles, fluorescent dyes, nucleic acids, or drugs. Future investigations may bring along ultimate proofs to ensure the safety and efficacy of EVs loaded with exogenous cargoes including reproducible and scalable production, loading and isolation techniques, rigorous characterization, as well as thorough pharmacokinetic and toxicological studies. The advances in perspectives are expected to overcome current challenges in the field and move engineered EVs to the clinical practice.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes, UMR 7057, CNRS and Université Paris Diderot, 10 rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, Paris, Cedex 13, 75205, France

    Max Piffoux, Florence Gazeau, Claire Wilhelm & Amanda K. A. Silva

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  1. Max Piffoux
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  2. Florence Gazeau
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  3. Claire Wilhelm
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  4. Amanda K. A. Silva
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Correspondence to Claire Wilhelm or Amanda K. A. Silva .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA

    Jeff W.M. Bulte

  2. Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA

    Michel M.J. Modo

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Piffoux, M., Gazeau, F., Wilhelm, C., Silva, A.K.A. (2017). Imaging and Therapeutic Potential of Extracellular Vesicles. In: Bulte, J., Modo, M. (eds) Design and Applications of Nanoparticles in Biomedical Imaging. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42169-8_3

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