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Carotenoids in Nature pp 377–414Cite as

Carotenoids in Adipose Tissue Biology and Obesity

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Part of the book series: Subcellular Biochemistry ((SCBI,volume 79))

Abstract

Cell, animal and human studies dealing with carotenoids and carotenoid derivatives as nutritional regulators of adipose tissue biology with implications for the etiology and management of obesity and obesity-related metabolic diseases are reviewed. Most studied carotenoids in this context are β-carotene, cryptoxanthin, astaxanthin and fucoxanthin, together with β-carotene-derived retinoids and some other apocarotenoids. Studies indicate an impact of these compounds on essential aspects of adipose tissue biology including the control of adipocyte differentiation (adipogenesis), adipocyte metabolism, oxidative stress and the production of adipose tissue-derived regulatory signals and inflammatory mediators. Specific carotenoids and carotenoid derivatives restrain adipogenesis and adipocyte hypertrophy while enhancing fat oxidation and energy dissipation in brown and white adipocytes, and counteract obesity in animal models. Intake, blood levels and adipocyte content of carotenoids are reduced in human obesity. Specifically designed human intervention studies in the field, though still sparse, indicate a beneficial effect of carotenoid supplementation in the accrual of abdominal adiposity. In summary, studies support a role of specific carotenoids and carotenoid derivatives in the prevention of excess adiposity, and suggest that carotenoid requirements may be dependent on body composition.

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Abbreviations

ADH:

alcohol dehydrogenase

ALDH:

aldehyde dehydrogenase

AMPK:

AMP-dependent protein kinase

atRA:

all trans retinoic acid

BAT:

brown adipose tissue

BC:

β-carotene

BCO1:

β-carotene-15,15′-oxygenase

BCO2:

β-carotene-9’,10′-oxygenase

BMI:

body mass index

bw:

body weight

C/EBP:

CCAAT-enhancer binding protein

CD36:

cluster of differentiation 36

CRABP:

cellular retinoic acid binding protein

CRBP:

cellular retinol binding protein

FABP:

fatty acid binding protein

ISX:

intestine-specific homeobox

LRAT:

lecithin: retinol acyltransferase

LDLr:

low density lipoprotein receptor

LPL:

lipoprotein lipase

NF-κB:

nuclear factor κB

Nrf2:

nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2

PPAR:

peroxisome proliferator activated receptor

Rald:

retinaldehyde

RAR:

retinoic acid receptor

RBP (or RBP4):

retinol binding protein

RBPR2:

RBP receptor 2

RDH:

retinol dehydrogenase

REH:

retinyl ester hydrolase

ROS:

reactive oxygen species

RXR:

retinoid X receptor

SR-B1:

scavenger receptor class B, member 1

STRA6:

stimulated retinoic acid 6

UCP1:

uncoupling protein 1

WAT:

white adipose.

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge funding support from the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme FP7 under grant agreements n. 244995 (BIOCLAIMS Project) and n. 278373 (DIABAT project), the Spanish Government (grant AGL2012-33692), Fundación Ramón Areces, and the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, CIBERobn. The authors are also grateful to The Nemours Research Foundation and The Players Center for Child Health at Wolfson Children’s Hospital in Jacksonville, Florida for their generous support. The UIB group is a member of the European Nutrigenomics Organization and the network IBERCAROT (CYTED, Spanish Government, n° 112RT0445).

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  1. Group of Nutrigenomics and Obesity, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Cra. Valldemossa Km 7.5. 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain

    M. Luisa Bonet, Joan Ribot & Andreu Palou

  2. CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Palma de Mallorca, Spain

    M. Luisa Bonet, Joan Ribot & Andreu Palou

  3. Metabolism and Diabetes, Nemours Children’s Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32207, USA

    Jose A. Canas

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  1. M. Luisa Bonet
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  2. Jose A. Canas
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  4. Andreu Palou
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Correspondence to M. Luisa Bonet .

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  1. Centro de Biología Molecular Vegetal, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile

    Claudia Stange

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Bonet, M.L., Canas, J.A., Ribot, J., Palou, A. (2016). Carotenoids in Adipose Tissue Biology and Obesity. In: Stange, C. (eds) Carotenoids in Nature. Subcellular Biochemistry, vol 79. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39126-7_15

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