Abstract
Rescue robots have been used in at least 28 disasters in six countries since the first deployment to the 9/11 World Trade Center collapse. All types of robots have been used (land, sea, and aerial) and for all phases of a disaster (prevention, response, and recovery). This chapter will cover the basic characteristics of disasters and their impact on robotic design, and describe the robots actually used in disasters to date, with a special focus on Fukushima Daiichi, which is providing a rich proving ground for robotics. The chapter covers promising robot designs (e. g., snakes, legged locomotion) and concepts (e. g., robot teams or swarms, sensor networks), as well as progress and open issues in autonomy. The methods of evaluation in benchmarks for rescue robotics are discussed and the chapter concludes with a discussion of the fundamental problems and open issues facing rescue robotics, and their evolution from an interesting idea to widespread adoption.
Keywords
- Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
- Situation Awareness
- Autonomous Underwater Vehicle
- World Trade Center
- Snake Robot
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
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Abbreviations
- 2-D:
-
two-dimensional
- 3-D:
-
three-dimensional
- AAAI:
-
Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence
- AUV:
-
autonomous underwater vehicle
- CBRNE:
-
chemical, biological, nuclear, radiological, or explosive
- CMU:
-
Carnegie Mellon University
- CPU:
-
central processing unit
- CRASAR:
-
Center for Robot-Assisted Search and Rescue
- DHS:
-
US Department of Homeland Security
- GPS:
-
global positioning system
- HRI:
-
human–robot interaction
- IEEE:
-
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
- JAEA:
-
Japan Atomic Energy Agency
- MSHA:
-
US Mine Safety and Health Administration
- NASA:
-
National Aeronautics and Space Agency
- NERVE:
-
New England Robotics Validation and Experimentation
- NIST:
-
National Institute of Standards and Technology
- NZDF:
-
New Zealand Defence Force
- OOTL:
-
human out of the loop control
- RFID:
-
radio frequency identification
- ROV:
-
remotely operated vehicle
- SLAM:
-
simultaneous localization and mapping
- SWRI:
-
Southwest Research Institute
- UAV:
-
unmanned aerial vehicle
- UGV:
-
unmanned ground vehicle
- UMV:
-
unmanned marine vehicle
- USAR:
-
urban search and rescue
- USV:
-
unmanned surface vehicle
- UUV:
-
unmanned underwater vehicle
- WTC:
-
World Trade Center
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Murphy, R.R., Tadokoro, S., Kleiner, A. (2016). Disaster Robotics. In: Siciliano, B., Khatib, O. (eds) Springer Handbook of Robotics. Springer Handbooks. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32552-1_60
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