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Coral Scaffolds in Bone Tissue Engineering and Bone Regeneration

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The Cnidaria, Past, Present and Future

Abstract

Coral exoskeleton, which consists of CaCO3 and has an interconnected-pore structure that resembles that of natural human bone, has been used as scaffold material to fill bone defects in both animal models and humans since the early 1970s. This natural material is biocompatible, osteoconductive, and biodegradable. Most importantly, the possibility of seeding coral scaffolds with either stem cells or loading them with growth factors has provided novel alternatives for bone tissue engineering. In vitro studies have demonstrated that (1) seeded cells adhered and proliferated in a time-dependent manner, and (2) loaded growth factors were absorbed on coral scaffold and subsequently released. Moreover, when coral scaffolds containing either cells and/or growth factors were implanted in vivo, a significantly increased amount of newly-formed bone was observed. Most importantly, timely resorption of the scaffold material in vivo was associated with full bone regeneration in a clinically-relevant sheep model of bone defect. Although sometimes inconsistent, such outcomes provided evidence that bone regeneration, which matches, and even supersedes, the efficacy of autologous bone graft, is achievable with coral scaffolds.

Use of coral scaffolds for bone tissue regeneration purposes is thus an appealing strategy for the following reasons: (1) these materials are biocompatible and bioresorbable; (2) have three-dimensional structure and porosity; (3) have material surface chemistry which promotes stem cell differentiation and function of differentiated cells which are pertinent to new tissue formation; and (4) they can be used as carriers for growth factors.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratoire de Bioingénierie et Bioimagerie Ostéo-Articulaires (B2OA – UMR CNRS 7052), Faculté de medicine de Paris Lariboisière, Université Paris Diderot, Site Villemin, 10 avenue de Verdun, 75010, Paris, France

    Mathieu Manassero, Adeline Decambron, Nane Guillemin, Hervé Petite & Véronique Viateau

  2. Service de chirurgie, Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, 7 avenue du général de Gaulle, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France

    Mathieu Manassero, Adeline Decambron & Véronique Viateau

  3. Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA

    Rena Bizios

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  1. Mathieu Manassero
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  2. Adeline Decambron
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  3. Nane Guillemin
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  4. Hervé Petite
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  5. Rena Bizios
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  6. Véronique Viateau
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Correspondence to Mathieu Manassero .

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  1. Biological, Geological and Env Scie, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy

    Stefano Goffredo

  2. Fac. Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel

    Zvy Dubinsky

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Manassero, M., Decambron, A., Guillemin, N., Petite, H., Bizios, R., Viateau, V. (2016). Coral Scaffolds in Bone Tissue Engineering and Bone Regeneration. In: Goffredo, S., Dubinsky, Z. (eds) The Cnidaria, Past, Present and Future. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31305-4_43

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