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Stem Cells in Diseases of Aging

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Advances in Stem Cell Therapy

Part of the book series: Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine ((STEMCELL))

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Abstract

Aging-related diseases mainly include cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cancer. The number of people suffering such diseases, which are associated with an aging immune system, has increased along with the average age of the population. The immune system protects the body from bacteria, viruses, and other harmful substances, but the functional decline in the immune system with aging leaves the aged susceptible to infections. Immune cells such as T and B cells are derived from hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow. T-cell progenitors from the bone marrow need to mature by negative and positive selection in the thymus. Thus, aging is reflected in a deterioration of the thymus and bone marrow stem cells, resulting in a lowered functioning of the immune system. Stem cells include embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, and tissue-derived stem cells such as the bone marrow and umbilical cord blood-derived stem cells, which have been reported to be useful in treating a range of diseases. This chapter summarizes recent findings related to stem cells in aging-related diseases.

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Abbreviations

AD:

Alzheimer’s disease

ASCT:

Allogeneic stem cell transplantation

BMT:

Bone marrow transplantation

EPCs:

Endothelial progenitor cells

ESCs:

Embryonic stem cells

GVHD:

Graft-versus-host disease

HSCs:

Hematopoietic stem cells

IBM-BMT:

Intrabone marrow-bone marrow transplantation

iPSCs:

Induced pluripotent stem cells

MHC:

Major histocompatibility complex

MSCs:

Mesenchymal stem cells

PD:

Parkinson’s disease

SAMP:

Senescence-accelerated mouse prone

T2DM:

Type 2 diabetes mellitus

TECs:

Thymic epithelial cells

TT:

Thymus transplantation

UCB:

Umbilical cord blood

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Acknowledgment

We would like to thank Mr. Hilary Eastwick-Field and Ms. Keiko Ando for their help in the preparation of the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Stem Cell Disorders, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shinmachi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan

    Ming Li M.D., Ph.D. & Susumu Ikehara M.D., Ph.D.

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  1. Ming Li M.D., Ph.D.
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  2. Susumu Ikehara M.D., Ph.D.
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Susumu Ikehara M.D., Ph.D. .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Zayed City, Egypt

    Nagwa El-Badri

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Li, M., Ikehara, S. (2017). Stem Cells in Diseases of Aging. In: El-Badri, N. (eds) Advances in Stem Cell Therapy. Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine. Humana Press, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29149-9_4

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