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Metabolic Engineering of Phenylpropanoids in Plants

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Transgenesis and Secondary Metabolism

Part of the book series: Reference Series in Phytochemistry ((RSP))

Abstract

Phenylpropanoids are diverse group of active secondary metabolites derived from the carbon backbone of amino acids phenylalanine and tyrosine. The phenylpropanoid pathway serves as the starting point for the biosynthesis of a wide range of organic compounds such as lignins, flavanols, isoflavanoids, anthocyanins, and stilbenes with an array of important functions including plant defense and structural support. Besides, they have major nutritional and pharmaceutical properties that find uses as food supplements, antioxidants, flavoring agents, insecticides, dyes, and pharmacological drugs. Major structural and regulatory genes of the phenylpropanoid pathway and associated branches have been isolated and characterized in the recent times. Consequently, the engineering of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis in plants and other ex-host systems have generated considerable scientific and economic importance to enhance their production. In this chapter, we summarize the recent advances in our knowledge of the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. In addition, we discuss the recent strategies with respect to genetic and metabolic engineering of different phenylpropanoids in plants and microorganisms for their successful industrial production in the future.

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Abbreviations

4CL:

4-Hydroxycinnamate CoA-ligase

ACC:

Acetyl CoA carboxylase

ACS:

Acetyl CoA synthase

AMP:

Adenosine mono phosphate

ANS:

Anthocyanidin synthase

C3′H:

p-Coumaroyl-shikimate 3’ hydroxylate

C4H:

Cinnamate 4-hydroxylase

CAD:

Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase

CCR:

Cinnamoyl CoA reductase

CHI:

Chalcone isolmerase

CHS:

Chalcone synthase

CiED:

Cipher of evolutionary design

COMT:

Caffeoyl CoA 3-O-methyltransferase

CPR:

Cytochrome P450

DFR:

Dihydrofavonol reductase

DMAPP:

Dimethyl allyl pyrophosphate

F3H:

Flavonone 3-hydroxylase

FLS:

Flavonone synthase

FPP:

Farnesyl pyrophosphate

GPP:

Geranyl pyrophosphate

H2O2 :

Hydrogen peroxide

HCT:

Hydroxysinnamoyl-CoA shikimate:quinate hydroxylcinnamoyltransferase

HID:

2-Hydroxyisoflavanone dehydratase

IFS:

Isoflavonone synthase

IPP:

Isopentyl pyrophosphate

LAR:

Leuco anthocyanidin reductase

PA:

Proanthocyanidins

PAL:

Phenylalanine ammonia lyase

PAP:

Production of anthocyanin pigment

PLR:

Pinoresinol/lariciresinol reductase

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Acknowledgments

SN and JNM are thankful for the award of Research Fellowship from the Dept. of Biotechnology, Govt. of India. We are thankful to Prof. Manoj Ranjan Nayak, President, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar, India, for his guidance and support. We also thank DST-FIST, Govt. of India, for the research infrastructure facilities provided to Centre of Biotechnology, Siksha O Anusandhan University.

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  1. Centre of Biotechnology, Siksha O Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar, 751030, Odisha, India

    Satyabrata Nanda, Jatindra Nath Mohanty, Rukmini Mishra & Raj Kumar Joshi

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  1. Satyabrata Nanda
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  2. Jatindra Nath Mohanty
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  3. Rukmini Mishra
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Correspondence to Raj Kumar Joshi .

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  1. Department of Botany, Centre of Advanced Study, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India

    Sumita Jha

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Nanda, S., Mohanty, J.N., Mishra, R., Joshi, R.K. (2017). Metabolic Engineering of Phenylpropanoids in Plants. In: Jha, S. (eds) Transgenesis and Secondary Metabolism. Reference Series in Phytochemistry. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28669-3_30

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