Abstract
This chapter gives a tour of the fascinating opportunities for handling and characterizing solid particles by microfluidic methods. First, attention will be given to the hydrodynamic, electrical, and magnetic forces which may be used to manipulate suspended particles at small scales. Second, important methods for the detection and characterization that have been proposed in the literature are illustrated and discussed. The third and last part of the chapter will give the reader a sense of the exciting applications of these methods in different fields, in particular flow cytometry, particle synthesis, and bioanalytical measurement. These applications exemplify the subtle invasion of particle-based microfluidics into many areas of the life sciences, pharmaceutical technology, chemistry, and materials science. In the future, the trend towards miniaturization will continue, and we are likely to see an increasing number of technologies and products using some of the principles reviewed here.
Keywords
- Microfluidic Channel
- Laser Induce Fluorescence
- Microfluidic System
- Paramagnetic Particle
- Diffuse Double Layer
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Asmolov ES (1999) The inertial lift on a spherical particle in a plane Poiseuille flow at large channel Reynolds number. J Fluid Mech 381:63–87
Barrett R, Faucon M, Lopez J, Cristobal G, Destremaut F, Dodge A, Guillot P, Laval P, Masselon C, Salmon JB (2006) X-ray microfocussing combined with microfluidics for on-chip X-ray scattering measurements. Lab Chip 6(4):494–499
Bernabini C, Holmes D, Morgan H (2011) Micro-impedance cytometry for detection and analysis of micron-sized particles and bacteria. Lab Chip 11(3):407–412
Bhagat AAS, Kuntaegowdanahalli SS, Papautsky I (2008) Enhanced particle filtration in straight microchannels using shear-modulated inertial migration. Phys Fluids 20(10)
Bretherton FP (1962) The motion of rigid particles in a shear flow at low Reynolds number. J Fluid Mech 14(2):284–304
Burg TP, Manalis SR (2003) Suspended microchannel resonators for biomolecular detection. Appl Phys Lett 83(13):2698–2700
Burg TP, Godin M, Knudsen SM, Shen W, Carlson G, Foster JS, Babcock K, Manalis SR (2007) Weighing of biomolecules, single cells and single nanoparticles in fluid. Nature 446(7139):1066–1069
Chapin SC, Appleyard DC, Pregibon DC, Doyle PS (2011) Rapid microRNA profiling on encoded gel microparticles. Angew Chemie Int Ed 50(10):2289–2293
Chapman DL (1913) A contribution to the theory of electrocapillarity. Philos Mag 25(148):475–481
Chastek TQ, Beers KL, Amis EJ (2007) Miniaturized dynamic light scattering instrumentation for use in microfluidic applications. Rev Sci Instr 78(7)
Cheung KC, Di Berardino M, Schade-Kampmann G, Hebeisen M, Pierzchalski A, Bocsi J, Mittag A, Tarnok A (2010) Microfluidic impedance-based flow cytometry. Cytometry A 77A(7):648–666
Chun B, Ladd AJC (2006) Inertial migration of neutrally buoyant particles in a square duct: an investigation of multiple equilibrium positions. Phys Fluids 18(3):031704
Cox RG, Mason SG (1971) Suspended particles in fluid flow through tubes. Annu Rev Fluid Mech 3:291–316
Dannhauser D, Romeo G, Causa F, De Santo I, Netti PA (2014) Multiplex single particle analysis in microfluidics. Analyst 139(20):5239–5246
Destremaut F, Salmon JB, Qi L, Chapel JP (2009) Microfluidics with on-line dynamic light scattering for size measurements. Lab Chip 9(22):3289–3296
Di Carlo D, Irimia D, Tompkins RG, Toner M (2007) Continuous inertial focusing, ordering, and separation of particles in microchannels. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104(48):18892–18897
Di Carlo D (2009) Inertial microfluidics. Lab Chip 9(21):3038–3046
Fraikin JL, Teesalu T, McKenney CM, Ruoslahti E, Cleland AN (2011) A high-throughput label-free nanoparticle analyser. Nat Nanotechnol 6(5):308–313
Godin M, Bryan AK, Burg TP, Babcock K, Manalis SR (2007) Measuring the mass, density, and size of particles and cells using a suspended microchannel resonator. Appl Phys Lett 91(12):123121
Gossett DR, Tse HTK, Lee SA, Ying Y, Lindgren AG, Yang OO, Rao JY, Clark AT, Di Carlo D (2012) Hydrodynamic stretching of single cells for large population mechanical phenotyping. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 109(20):7630–7635
Gouy M (1910) Sur la constitution de la charge électrique à la surface d’un électrolyte. J Phys Theor Appl 9(1):457–468
Greaves ED, Manz A (2005) Toward on-chip X-ray analysis. Lab Chip 5(4):382–391
Hansen CL, Classen S, Berger JM, Quake SR (2006) A microfluidic device for kinetic optimization of protein crystallization and in situ structure determination. J Am Chem Soc 128(10):3142–3143
Henry DC (1931) The cataphoresis of suspended particles Part I—the equation of cataphoresis. Proc R Soc Lond Contain Papers Math Phys Char 133(821):106–129
Ho BP, Leal LG (1974) Inertial migration of rigid spheres in 2-dimensional unidirectional flows. J Fluid Mech 65(2):365–400
Irimajir A, Hanai T, Inouye A (1979) Dielectric theory of multi-stratified shell-model with its application to a lymphoma cell. J Theor Biol 78(2):251–269
Jackson JD (1998) Classical electrodynamics. Wiley, New York
Jain R, Petri M, Kirschbaum S, Feindt H, Steltenkamp S, Sonnenkalb S, Becker S, Griesinger C, Menzel A, Burg TP, Techert S (2013) X-ray scattering experiments with high-flux X-ray source coupled rapid mixing microchannel device and their potential for high-flux neutron scattering investigations. Eur Phys J E 36(9):109
Johnson ME, Landers JP (2004) Fundamentals and practice for ultrasensitive laser-induced fluorescence detection in microanalytical systems. Electrophoresis 25(21–22):3513–3527
Jones TB, Washizu M (1996) Multipolar dielectrophoretic and electrorotation theory. J Electrostat 37(1–2):121–134
Jones TB (2003) Basic theory of dielectrophoresis and electrorotation. IEEE Eng Med Biol Mag 22(6):33–42
Jones TB (1995) Electromechanics of particles. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Karnik R, Gu F, Basto P, Cannizzaro C, Dean L, Kyei-Manu W, Langer R, Farokhzad OC (2008) Microfluidic platform for controlled synthesis of polymeric nanoparticles. Nano Lett 8(9):2906–2912
Lee J, Chunara R, Shen W, Payer K, Babcock K, Burg TP, Manalis SR (2011) Suspended microchannel resonators with piezoresistive sensors. Lab Chip 11(4):645–651
Lee J, Shen WJ, Payer K, Burg TP, Manalis SR (2010) Toward attogram mass measurements in solution with suspended nanochannel resonators. Nano Lett 10(7):2537–2542
LesliePelecky DL, Rieke RD (1996) Magnetic properties of nanostructured materials. Chem Mater 8(8):1770–1783
Modena MM, Wang Y, Riedel D, Burg TP (2014) Resolution enhancement of suspended microchannel resonators for weighing of biomolecular complexes in solution. Lab Chip 14(2):342–350
Moschou P, de Croon MHJM, van der Schaaf J, Schouten JC (2014) Advances in continuous crystallization: toward microfluidic systems. Rev Chem Eng 30(2):127–138
Olcum S, Cermak N, Wasserman SC, Christine KS, Atsumi H, Payer KR, Shen WJ, Lee JC, Belcher AM, Bhatia SN, Manalis SR (2014) Weighing nanoparticles in solution at the attogram scale. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 111(4):1310–1315
Pamme N, Koyama R, Manz A (2003) Counting and sizing of particles and particle agglomerates in a microfluidic device using laser light scattering: application to a particle-enhanced immunoassay. Lab Chip 3(3):187–192
Pierzchalski A, Hebeisen M, Mittag A, Di Berardino M, Tarnok A (2010) Label-free single cell analysis with a chip-based impedance flow cytometer. Imaging Manipulation Analys Biomol Cells Tissues VIII 7568
Piyasena ME, Graves SW (2014) The intersection of flow cytometry with microfluidics and microfabrication. Lab Chip 14(6):1044–1059
Pohl HA (1951) The motion and precipitation of suspensoids in divergent electric fields. J Appl Phys 22(7):869–871
Probstein RF (1989) Solutions of charged macromolecules and particles. In: Probstein RF (ed) Physicochemical hydrodynamics. Butterworth-Heinemann, Boston, pp 201–225
Schade-Kampmann G, Huwiler A, Hebeisen M, Hessler T, Di Berardino M (2008) On-chip non-invasive and label-free cell discrimination by impedance spectroscopy. Cell Prolif 41(5):830–840
Schiro PG, Gadd JC, Yen GS, Chiu DT (2012) High-throughput fluorescence-activated nanoscale subcellular sorter with single-molecule sensitivity. J Phys Chem B 116(35):10490–10495
Scholten PC (1995) Which Si. J Magn Magn Mater 149(1–2):57–59
Segre G, Silberberg A (1961) Radial particle displacements in Poiseuille flow of suspensions. Nature 189(476):209–210
Shevkoplyas SS, Siegel AC, Westervelt RM, Prentiss MG, Whitesides GM (2007) The force acting on a superparamagnetic bead due to an applied magnetic field. Lab Chip 7(10):1294–1302
Son S, Tzur A, Weng Y, Jorgensen P, Kim J, Kirschner MW, Manalis SR (2012) Direct observation of mammalian cell growth and size regulation. Nat Meth 9(9):910–912
Staben ME, Davis RH (2005) Particle transport in Poiseuille flow in narrow channels. Int J Multiphase Flow 31(5):529–547
Staben ME, Zinchenko AZ, Davis RH (2003) Motion of a particle between two parallel plane walls in low-Reynolds-number Poiseuille flow. Phys Fluids 15(6):1711–1733
Thoroddsen ST, Etoh TG, Takehara K (2008) High-speed imaging of drops and bubbles. Annu Rev Fluid Mech 40:257–285
Toft KN, Vestergaard B, Nielsen SS, Snakenborg D, Jeppesen MG, Jacobsen JK, Arleth L, Kutter JP (2008) High-throughput Small Angle X-ray Scattering from proteins in solution using a microfluidic front-end. Anal Chem 80(10):3648–3654
Vig AL, Haldrup K, Enevoldsen N, Thilsted AH, Eriksen J, Kristensen A, Feidenhans’l R, Nielsen MM (2009) Windowless microfluidic platform based on capillary burst valves for high intensity X-ray measurements. Rev Sci Instr 80(11):115114-1–6
Wlodkowic D, Darzynkiewicz Z (2011) Rise of the micromachines: microfluidics and the future of cytometry. Recent Adv Cytom Part A 102:105–125
Zheng B, Tice JD, Roach LS, Ismagilov RF (2004) A droplet-based, composite PDMS/glass capillary microfluidic system for evaluating protein crystallization conditions by microbatch and vapor-diffusion methods with on-chip X-ray diffraction. Angew Chemie Int Ed 43(19):2508–2511
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Burg, T.P. (2016). Particles in Microfluidic Systems: Handling, Characterization, and Applications. In: Dietzel, A. (eds) Microsystems for Pharmatechnology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26920-7_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26920-7_8
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-26918-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-26920-7
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)