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Handbook of Tuberculosis pp 141–190Cite as

Management of Tuberculosis in Special Populations

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Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of death among people living with HIV and/or AIDS (PLWHA) globally [1]. In 2014, of 9.6 million people with incident cases of TB worldwide, 1.2 million (12 %) were HIV infected. And of the 1.5 million TB-related deaths, 400,000 (33 %) had HIV coinfection [2]. Clearly, PLWHA bear a disproportionate burden of TB disease. Unlike other opportunistic infections in which the risk of disease is generally not elevated among those individuals with HIV infection with high CD4 counts, TB incidence increases substantially even within the first year of HIV infection, when CD4 counts are generally high [3]. Risk rises further with progressive immunodeficiency [4]. The annual risk of development of TB disease among persons with latent TB infection (LTBI) and untreated HIV infection is approximately 10 % [5].

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  1. Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA

    Nicole Salazar-Austin, Sanjay Jain & Kelly E. Dooley

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    Jacques H. Grosset

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    Richard E. Chaisson

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Salazar-Austin, N., Jain, S., Dooley, K.E. (2017). Management of Tuberculosis in Special Populations. In: Grosset, J., Chaisson, R. (eds) Handbook of Tuberculosis. Adis, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26273-4_6

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