Skip to main content

A Survey of Machine Learning Algorithms and Their Applications in Cognitive Radio

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Cognitive Radio Oriented Wireless Networks (CrownCom 2015)

Abstract

Cognitive radio (CR) technology is a promising candidate for next generation intelligent wireless networks. The cognitive engine plays the role of the brain for the CR and the learning engine is its core. In order to fully exploit the features of CRs, the learning engine should be improved. Therefore, in this study, we discuss several machine learning algorithms and their applications for CRs in terms of spectrum sensing, modulation classification and power allocation.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Mitola, J.: Cognitive Radio–An Integrated Agent Architecture for Software Defined Radio. Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Chen, K.-C., Prasad, R.: Cognitive Radio Networks. John Wiley & Sons, June 2009

    Google Scholar 

  3. Mitola, J., Maguire, G.: Cognitive Radio: Making software radios more personal. IEEE Personal Communs. 6(4), 13–18 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Wang, J., Ghosh, M., Challapali, K.: Emerging cognitive radio applications: A survey. IEEE Communs. Magazine 49(3), 74–81 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Wang, B., Liu, K.R.: Advances in cognitive radio networks: A survey. IEEE J. Selected Topics Signal Process 5(1), 5–23 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Clancy, C., Hecker, J., Stuntebeck, E., O’Shea, T.: Applications of machine learning to cognitive radio networks. IEEE Wireless Communs. 14(4), 47–52 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Bkassiny, M., Li, Y., Jayaweera, S.K.: A survey on machine-learning techniques in cognitive radios. IEEE Commun. Surveys & Tuts. 15(3), 1136–1159 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Thilina, K.M., Choi, K.W., Saquib, N., Hossain, E.: Machine learning techniques for cooperative spectrum sensing in cognitive radio networks. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 31(11), 2209–2221 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Thilina, K.M., Choi, K.W., Saquib, N., Hossain, E.: Pattern classification techniques for cooperative spectrum sensing in cognitive radio networks: SVM and W-KNN approaches. In: 2012 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM), pp. 1260–1265 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Ding, G., Wu, Q., Song, F., Wang, J.: Decentralized sensor selection for cooperative spectrum sensing based on unsupervised learning. In: 2012 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), pp. 1576–1580, June 2012

    Google Scholar 

  11. Oksanen, J., Lundén, J., Koivunen, V.: Reinforcement learning method for energy efficient cooperative multiband spectrum sensing. In: 2010 IEEE International Workshop on Machine Learning for Signal Processing (MLSP), pp. 59–64 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Lo, B.F., Akyildiz, I.F.: Reinforcement learning-based cooperative sensing in cognitive radio ad hoc networks. In: 2010 IEEE 21st International Symposium on Personal Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC), pp. 2244–2249 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Di Felice, M., Chowdhury, K.R., Kassler, A., Bononi, L.: Adaptive sensing scheduling and spectrum selection in cognitive wireless mesh networks. In: 2011 Proceedings of 20th International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks (ICCCN), pp. 1–6 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Freitas, L.C., Cardoso, C., Muller, F.C., Costa, J.W., Klautau, A.: Automatic modulation classification for cognitive radio systems: results for the symbol and waveform domains. In: IEEE Latin-American Conference on Communications, LATINCOM 2009, pp. 1–6 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Petrova, M., Mähönen, P., Osuna, A.: Multi-class classification of analog and digital signals in cognitive radios using support vector machines. In: 7th International Symposium on Wireless Communication Systems (ISWCS), pp. 986–990 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Aslam, M.W., Zhu, Z., Nandi, A.K.: Automatic modulation classification using combination of genetic programming and KNN. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 11(8), 2742–2750 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Yao, Y., Feng, Z.: Centralized channel and power allocation for cognitive radio networks: a Q-learning solution. In: IEEE Future Network and Mobile Summit, pp. 1–8

    Google Scholar 

  18. van den Biggelaar, O., Dricot, J., De Doncker, P., Horlin, F.: Power allocation in cognitive radio networks using distributed machine learning. In: IEEE 23rd International Symposium on Personal Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC), pp. 826–831 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Wu, C., Chowdhury, K., Di Felice, M., Meleis, W.: Spectrum management of cognitive radio using multi-agent reinforcement learning. In: Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems: Industry track, pp. 1705–1712. International Foundation for Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Vapnik, V.N.: Statistical Learning Theory. Wiley, New York (1998)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  21. Boser, B.E., Guyon, I.M., Vapnik, V.N.: A training algorithm for optimal margin classifiers. In: Proc. ACM Fifth Annual Workshop Computational Learning Theory, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, July, 1992, pp. 144–152 (1992)

    Google Scholar 

  22. Byun, H., Lee, S.-W.: Applications of support vector machines for pattern recognition: a survey. In: Lee, S.-W., Verri, A. (eds.) SVM 2002. LNCS, vol. 2388, pp. 213–236. Springer, Heidelberg (2002)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  23. Wang, G.: Applications of support vector machines for pattern recognition: a survey. In: Proc. IEEE Fourth International Conference on Networked Computing and Advanced Information Management, pp. 123–128 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  24. Hastie, T., Tibshirani, R., Friedman, J., Franklin, J.: The elements of statistical learning: Data mining, inference and prediction. The Mathematical Intelligencer 27(2), 83–85 (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  25. Qiu, R.C., Hu, Z., Li, H., Wicks, M.C.: Cognitive Radio Communication and Networking: Principles and Practice. John Wiley & Sons (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  26. Hartigan, J.A., Wong, M.A.: Algorithm as 136: A k-means clustering algorithm. Applied Statistics, 100–108 (1979)

    Google Scholar 

  27. Kanungo, T., Mount, D.M., Netanyahu, N.S., Piatko, C.D., Silverman, R., Wu, A.Y.: An efficient k-means clustering algorithm: Analysis and implementation. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 24(7), 881–892 (2002)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  28. Sutton, R.S., Barto, A.G.: Introduction to Reinforcement Learning. MIT Press (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  29. Watkins, C.J., Dayan, P.: Q-learning. Machine Learning 8(3–4), 279–292 (1992)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  30. Biglieri, E.: Principles of Cognitive Radio. Cambridge University Press (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  31. Busoniu, L., Babuska, R., De Schutter, B.: A comprehensive survey of multiagent reinforcement learning. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part C: Applications and Reviews 38(2), 156–172 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Kaelbling, L.P., Littman, M.L., Moore, A.W.: Reinforcement learning: A survey. Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research, 237–285 (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  33. Zeng, Y., Liang, Y.-C., Hoang, A.T., Zhang, R.: A review on spectrum sensing for cognitive radio: challenges and solutions. EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  34. Cabric, D., Mishra, S.M., Brodersen, R.W.: Implementation issues in spectrum sensing for cognitive radios. In: Conference Record of the Thirty-Eighth Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers, vol. 1, pp. 772–776. IEEE (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  35. Sonnenschein, A., Fishman, P.M.: Radiometric detection of spread-spectrum signals in noise of uncertain power. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems 28(3), 654–660 (1992)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Tandra, R., Sahai, A.: Fundamental limits on detection in low snr under noise uncertainty. In: 2005 International Conference on Wireless Networks, Communications and Mobile Computing, vol. 1, pp. 464–469. IEEE (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  37. Kim, K., Akbar, I., Bae, K., Um, J.-S., Spooner, C., Reed, J.: Cyclostationary approaches to signal detection and classification in cognitive radio. In: 2nd IEEE International Symposium on New Frontiers in Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks, DySPAN 2007, pp. 212–215 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  38. Choi, K.W., Hossain, E., Kim, D.I.: Cooperative spectrum sensing under a random geometric primary user network model. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 10(6), 1932–1944 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Oksanen, J., Koivunen, V., Lundén, J., Huttunen, A.: Diversity-based spectrum sensing policy for detecting primary signals over multiple frequency bands. In: 2010 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), pp. 3130–3133 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ali Rıza Ekti .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2015 Institute for Computer Science, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering

About this paper

Cite this paper

Alshawaqfeh, M., Wang, X., Ekti, A.R., Shakir, M.Z., Qaraqe, K., Serpedin, E. (2015). A Survey of Machine Learning Algorithms and Their Applications in Cognitive Radio. In: Weichold, M., Hamdi, M., Shakir, M., Abdallah, M., Karagiannidis, G., Ismail, M. (eds) Cognitive Radio Oriented Wireless Networks. CrownCom 2015. Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, vol 156. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24540-9_66

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24540-9_66

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-24539-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-24540-9

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics