Abstract
This paper considers the optimal economic dispatch of power generators in a smart electric grid for allocating power between generators to meet load requirements at a minimum total cost. We present a decentralized algorithm where, each generator independently adjusts its power output using only a measurement of the frequency deviation of the grid and minimal information exchange with its neighbors. Existing algorithms assume that frequency deviation is proportional to the load imbalance. In practice this is seldom exactly correct. We assume here that the only thing known about this relationship is that it is an unknown, odd, strictly increasing function. We provide a proof of convergence and simulations verifying the efficacy of the algorithm.
Supported in part by US NSF grants CCF-0830747 and EPS-1101284 and a grant from the Roy J. Carver Charitable Trust.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Chowdhury, B., Rahman, S.: A review of recent advances in economic dispatch. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 5, 1248–1259 (1990)
Mudumbai, R., Dasgupta, S., Cho, B.: Distributed control for optimal economic dispatch of power generators: the heterogenous case. In: Proc. of the IEEE CDC (2011)
Mudumbai, R., Dasgupta, S., Cho, B.: Distributed control for optimal economic dispatch of a network of heterogeneous power generators. IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, 1750–1760 (2012)
Mudumbai, R., Dasgupta, S., Mahboob, R.: A distributed consensus based algorithm for optimal dispatch in smart power grids. In: Proceedings of the 32nd IASTED International Conference on Modeling, Identification and Control (MIC), February 2013
Marvin, S., Chappells, H., Guy, S.: Pathways of smart metering development: shaping environmental innovation. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems 23(2), 109–126 (1999)
Milborrow, D.: Penalties for intermittent sources of energy, p. 17. Cabinet Office, London (2001)
Dugan, R., McDermott, T.: Distributed generation. IEEE Industry Applications Magazine 8, 19–25 (2002)
Rebours, Y.G., Kirschen, D.S., Trotignon, M., Rossignol, S.: A survey of frequency and voltage control ancillary services part i: Technical features. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 22, 350–357 (2007)
Wu, F., Moslehi, K., Bose, A.: Power system control centers: past, present, and future. Proceedings of the IEEE 93(11), 1890–1908 (2005)
U.S.D. of Energy. Economic dispatch of electric generation capacity. A Report to Congress and the States (2007)
Vargas, L., Quintana, V., Vannelli, A.: A tutorial description of an interior point method and its applications to security-constrained economic dispatch. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 8(3), 1315–1324 (2002)
Lopes, J., Moreira, C., Madureira, A., Resende, F., Wu, X., Jayawarna, N., Zhang, Y., Jenkins, N., Kanellos, F., Hatziargyriou, N.: Control strategies for microgrids emergency operation. In: International Conference on Future Power Systems, Amsterdam, Netherlands (2005)
Amin, M., Wollenberg, B.: Toward a smart grid: power delivery for the 21st century. IEEE Power and Energy Magazine 3(5), 34–41 (2005)
Saadat, H.: Power system analysis. WCB/McGraw-Hill, Boston (1999)
Mohammadi, A., Varahram, M., Kheirizad, I.: Online solving of economic dispatch problem using neural network approach and comparing it with classical method. In: International Conference on Emerging Technologies. ICET 2006, pp. 581–586. IEEE (2007)
Chen, C.: Economic dispatch using simplified personal best oriented particle swarm optimizer. In: Third International Conference on Electric Utility Deregulation and Restructuring and Power Technologies. DRPT 2008, pp. 572–576. IEEE (2008)
Yang, S., Tan, S., Xu, J.-X.: Consensus based approach for economic dispatch problem in a smart grid. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems (2013)
Bidram, A., Davoudi, A., Lewis, F., Qu, Z.: Secondary control of microgrids based on distributed cooperative control of multi-agent systems. IET Generation, Transmission Distribution 7(8) (2013)
Fathi, M., Bevrani, H.: Adaptive energy consumption scheduling for connected microgrids under demand uncertainty. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 28(3), 1576–1583 (2013)
Dall’Anese, E., Zhu, H., Giannakis, G.: Distributed optimal power flow for smart microgrids. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid 4(3), 1464–1475 (2013)
Kraning, M., Chu, E., Lavaei, J., Boyd, S.: Dynamic network energy management via proximal message passing. Optimization 1(2), 1–54 (2013)
Aganagic, M., Mokhtari, S.: Security constrained economic dispatch using nonlinear dantzig-wolfe decomposition. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 12, 105–112 (1997)
Olfati-Saber, R., Murray, R.M.: Consensus problems in networks of agents with switching topology and time-delays. IEEE Trans. Autom. Control 49(9), 1520–1533 (2004)
Ren, W., Beard, R.W.: Consensus seeking in multi-agent systems under dynamically changing interaction topologies. IEEE Trans. Autom. Control 50(5), 655–661 (2005)
Rahman, M.M., Mudumbai, R., Dasgupta, S.: Consensus based carrier synchronization in a two node network. In: Proceedings of IFAC World Congress 2011, Milan, Italy (2011)
Khan, U.A., Kar, S., Moura, J.M.F.: Distributed Sensor Localization in Random Environments Using Minimal Number of Anchor Nodes. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 2000–2016 (2009)
Moreau, L.: Stability of multi-agent systems with time-dependent communication links. IEEE Trans. Autom. Control 50(2), 169–182 (2005)
Christie, R.D., Bose, A.: Load frequency control issues in power system operations after deregulation. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 1191–1200 (1996)
Jaleeli, N., VanSlyck, L., Ewart, D., Fink, L., Hoffmann, A.: Understanding automatic generation control. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 7(3), 1106–1122 (1992)
Clough, F.: Stability of large power systems. Journal of the Institution of Electrical Engineers 65(367), 653–659 (1927)
Dobakhshari, A., Azizi, S., Ranjbar, A.: Control of microgrids: aspects and prospects. In: IEEE International Conference on Networking, Sensing and Control (ICNSC), pp. 38–43, April 2011
Sundarapandian, V.: An invariance principle of discrete-time nonlinear systems. Applied Mathematics Letters, 85–91 (2003)
Hahn, W.: Stability of motion. Springer (1967)
Mohammadi, A., Varahram, M., Kheirizad, I.: Online solving of economic dispatch problem using neural network approach and comparing it with classical method. In: International Conference on Emerging Technologies. ICET 2006, pp. 581–586. IEEE (2007). in Proc. 2003 Am. Control Conf., 2003, pp. 951956
Jadbabaie, A., Lin, J., Morse, A.S.: Coordination of groups of mobile autonomous agents using nearest neighbor rules. IEEE Trans. Autom. Control 48(6), 988–1001 (2003)
Lin, W., Zhixin, L., Guo, L.: Robust consensus of multi-agent systems with noise. In: Proceedings of the Chinese Control Conference (2007)
Aganagic, M., Mokhtari, S.: Security constrained economic dispatch using nonlinear Dantzig-Wolfe decomposition. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 105–112 (1997)
Happ, H.H.: Optimal power dispatch: A comprehensive survey. IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, 841–854, May 1977
Anderson, B.D.O., Bitmead, R.R., Johnson Jr., C.R., Kokotovic, P.V., Kosut, R.L., Mareels, I.M.Y., Praly, L., Riedle, B.D.: Stability of Adaptive Systems: Passivity and Averaging Analysis. M.I.T. Press, Cambridge (1986)
Khalil, H.K.: Nonlinear Systems, 3rd edn. Prentice Hall (2002)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this paper
Cite this paper
Basu, M., Mudumbai, R., Dasgupta, S. (2016). Intelligent Distributed Economic Dispatch in Smart Grids. In: Berretti, S., Thampi, S., Dasgupta, S. (eds) Intelligent Systems Technologies and Applications. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, vol 385. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23258-4_25
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23258-4_25
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-23257-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-23258-4
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)