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Production of Hepatitis B Vaccines by Beneficial Microorganisms

  • Chapter
Beneficial Microorganisms in Medical and Health Applications

Part of the book series: Microbiology Monographs ((MICROMONO,volume 28))

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Abstract

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) has infected billions of people worldwide, and currently about 370 million people serve as chronic HBV carriers. Chronic infection by HBV may result in severe liver damage, which may eventually progress to liver cirrhosis and liver cancer. To date, an effective treatment for chronic HBV infection has yet to be established. Microorganisms have been used widely to combat HBV. Since the 1980s, recombinant HBV vaccines based upon HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) produced in yeasts have been used to prevent HBV infection. Large HBsAg (L-HBsAg) has also been produced in yeasts, which is believed to be a solution to nonresponders of the commercial vaccines. Apart from yeasts, bacteria, particularly Escherichia coli, have been extensively exploited for the production of HBV vaccines. Although the HBsAg produced in E. coli has many limitations as a vaccine, the potential of bacteria-produced HBV core antigen (HBcAg) as a therapeutic vaccine is promising. In addition, bacteriophages which can be used to display foreign epitopes and encapsidate foreign DNA make them excellent tools for developing multicomponent and DNA vaccines. Current recombinant vaccines, although considerably effective, are facing a big challenge to compete with rapid viral mutations, thus justifying a continuous need in the development of HBV vaccines.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Department of Microbiology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

    Chean Yeah Yong & Wen Siang Tan

  2. Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

    Wen Siang Tan

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  1. Chean Yeah Yong
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  1. Universiti Sains Malaysia, School of Industrial Technology, Penang, Malaysia

    Min-Tze Liong

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Yong, C.Y., Tan, W.S. (2015). Production of Hepatitis B Vaccines by Beneficial Microorganisms. In: Liong, MT. (eds) Beneficial Microorganisms in Medical and Health Applications. Microbiology Monographs, vol 28. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23213-3_8

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