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Probiotics

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Textbook of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition

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Abstract

The interest in the knowledge of the importance of the microbiome present in the gastrointestinal tract is exploding. While a balanced microbiome is related to health, an imbalanced microbiome or dysbiosis is related to many health problems both within the gastrointestinal tract, such as diarrhea and inflammatory bowel disease, and outside the gastrointestinal tract such as obesity, allergy, and development and functioning of the immune system. We are just starting to understand how manipulation of the microbiome can result in harmful and beneficial effects. Strict regulation of the commercialized products is one of the most urgent things to do because the vast majority of these products are commercialized as food (supplements) claiming health benefits which are often not substantiated with clinically relevant evidence.

The major indications of probiotics are in the area of the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal related disorders, but more data become available on extraintestinal indications such as vaginitis, atopic dermatitis, respiratory tract infections, and obesity. At least two published randomized controlled trials with the commercialized probiotic product in the claimed indication are a minimal condition before a claim can be sustained. Today, Lactobacillus caseii GG and Saccharomyces boulardii are the best-studied strains. Although adverse effects have been reported, probiotics are considered as safe.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pediatrics, UZ Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Brussels, Belgium

    Yvan Vandenplas

  2. Laboratory of Microbiology & BCCM/LMG Bacteria Collection, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium

    Geert Huys

  3. Département des Sciences des Denrées alimentaires, Faculté de Médecine vétérinaire, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium

    Georges Daube

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  1. Yvan Vandenplas
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  2. Geert Huys
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  3. Georges Daube
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Correspondence to Yvan Vandenplas .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA

    Stefano Guandalini

  2. Clinical Director Child Health King’s College Hospital, Professor and Director Pediatric Liver, GI and Nutrition Center, London, United Kingdom

    Anil Dhawan

  3. Department of Pediatrics, Hebrew University Hadassah Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel

    David Branski

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Vandenplas, Y., Huys, G., Daube, G. (2016). Probiotics. In: Guandalini, S., Dhawan, A., Branski, D. (eds) Textbook of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17169-2_45

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