Synonyms
Definition
It is the resistance developed by the pathogen to survive in adverse host environment.
Introduction
Pathogens are microscopic organisms which can cause infectious diseases in other species. Pathogens that can cause human diseases are bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites (Janeway et al. 2001). There occurs continuous interaction of pathogens with their hosts in a given environment. As the host develops immunity to the pathogen (which is essential for host survival), the pathogen also parallelly develops resistance to overpower the host defenses. Evidences support that with the advent of chemical agents, intended to kill the pathogens and protect the host, there occurs emergence of resistant strains of pathogens (Narayanasamy 2008).
Pathogen Resistance: Evolutionary Perspectives
In the process of evolution, pathogens acquire features, which make them fit for their environment. A survival need of any organism, is to remain fit in the adverse...
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
References
Antony, H. A., & Parija, S. C. (2016). Antimalarial drug resistance: An overview. Tropical Parasitology, 6(1), 30–41. https://doi.org/10.4103/2229-5070.175081.
Chakrabarti, A. (2011). Drug resistance in fungi-an emerging problem. Regional Health Forum, 15, 97–103.
Cowen, L. E., Sanglard, D., Howard, S. J., Rogers, P. D., & Perlin, D. S. (2015). Mechanisms of antifungal drug resistance. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine, 5(7). https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a019752.
Delves, P., Martin, S., Burton, D., & Roitt, I. (2006). Roitt’s essential immunology. Chichester: Wiley.
Donlan, R. M. (2001). Biofilm formation: A clinically relevant microbiological process. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 33(8), 1387–1392. https://doi.org/10.1086/322972.
Esteban, J., & García-Coca, M. (2018). Mycobacterium biofilms. Frontiers in Microbiology, 8, 2651.
Ghannoum, M. A., & Rice, L. B. (1999). Antifungal agents: Mode of action, mechanisms of resistance, and correlation of these mechanisms with bacterial resistance. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 12(4), 501–517. https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.12.4.501.
Janeway, C. A, Travers, P., Walport, M., & Shlomchik, M. J. (2001). Infectious agents and how they cause disease. In Immunobiology: The immune system in health and disease (5th ed.). Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK27114/
Klemm, E. J., Shakoor, S., Page, A. J., Qamar, F. N., Judge, K., Saeed, D. K., … Hasan, R. (2018). Emergence of an extensively drug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar typhi clone harboring a promiscuous plasmid encoding resistance to fluoroquinolones and third-generation cephalosporins. MBio, 9(1), e00105–e00118. https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.00105-18.
Marshall, B. M., & Levy, S. B. (2011). Food animals and antimicrobials: Impacts on human health. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 24(4), 718–733.
McDonald, B. A., & Linde, C. (2002). Pathogen population genetics, evolutionary potential, and durable resistance. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 40, 349–379. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.phyto.40.120501.101443.
Narayanasamy, P. (2008). Molecular biology of pathogen resistance to chemicals. In P. Narayanasamy (Ed.), Molecular biology in plant pathogenesis and disease management: Disease management volume 3 (pp. 279–296). Dordrecht: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-8247-4_7.
Olaitan, A. O., Morand, S., & Rolain, J.-M. (2014). Mechanisms of polymyxin resistance: Acquired and intrinsic resistance in bacteria. Frontiers in Microbiology, 5. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2014.00643.
Palomino, J. C., & Martin, A. (2014). Drug resistance mechanisms in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Antibiotics, 3(3), 317–340. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics3030317.
Peacock, S. J., & Paterson, G. K. (2015). Mechanisms of methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus. Annual Review of Biochemistry, 84, 577–601. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-biochem-060614-034516.
Peman, J., Canton, E., & Espinel-Ingroff, A. (2009). Antifungal drug resistance mechanisms. Expert Review of Anti-Infective Therapy, 7(4), 453–460.
Rawat, D., & Nair, D. (2010). Extended-spectrum β-lactamases in Gram negative bacteria. Journal of Global Infectious Diseases, 2(3), 263–274. https://doi.org/10.4103/0974-777X.68531.
Roy, B. A., & Kirchner, J. W. (2000). Evolutionary dynamics of pathogen resistance and tolerance. Evolution, 54(1), 51–63. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0014-3820.2000.tb00007.x.
Strasfeld, L., & Chou, S. (2010). Antiviral drug resistance: Mechanisms and clinical implications. Infectious Disease Clinics of North America, 24(2), 413–437. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idc.2010.01.001.
Thoulouze, M.-I., & Alcover, A. (2011). Can viruses form biofilms? Trends in Microbiology, 19(6), 257–262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tim.2011.03.002.
Tille, P. M. (2016). Bailey & Scott’s diagnostic microbiology. St. Louis: Elsevier.
Verraes, C., Van Boxstael, S., Van Meervenne, E., Van Coillie, E., Butaye, P., Catry, B., … Herman, L. (2013). Antimicrobial resistance in the food chain: A review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 10(7), 2643–2669. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph10072643.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Section Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this entry
Cite this entry
Tripathy, S. (2020). Pathogen Resistance. In: Shackelford, T., Weekes-Shackelford, V. (eds) Encyclopedia of Evolutionary Psychological Science. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16999-6_438-1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16999-6_438-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-16999-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-16999-6
eBook Packages: Springer Reference Behavioral Science and PsychologyReference Module Humanities and Social SciencesReference Module Business, Economics and Social Sciences