Abstract
The aim of this study was to calculate the water footprint (WF) of food products deriving from the processing of tomatoes by the Italian company Mutti SpA (Mutti hereafter), a market leader in the production of tomato paste, purée and pulp. Mutti, in collaboration with WWF Italy and the University of Tuscia, carried out the water consumption analysis of its production (the WF from tomato cultivation to the final derived products) and identified scenarios to reduce it. Mutti was one of the first companies in Italy and among the few in the world that has undertaken the WF calculation for its entire production chain, following the WF network methodology (www.waterfootprint.org). The calculation was based on a fine-tuned version of the existing, well-assessed and scientifically sound methodology, which takes into account two production stages (supply chain and operative phase) and all three elements of the WF—green, blue and grey. Mutti’s WF resulted in being approximately 393 m3/t, with the green, blue and grey elements representing 14, 33 and 53 % of the total, respectively. The findings also revealed that the WF of the supply chain covers 98 % of the total, with tomato cultivation playing the predominant role (84 %). Where the three elements are concerned, the grey part represents more than a half of the footprint along the entire supply chain. During the operative phase in the factory, the only contributing element is the blue water (2 %). Potential reductions assuming a higher irrigation efficiency and/or more controlled fertiliser use were also simulated showing that, if uniformly optimising irrigation and fertilisation across farms providing tomatoes to Mutti, the reduction potential could fluctuate between 2.5 and 5 %. These results reinforce the hypothesis that a nearly real-time monitoring of the soil and/or crop conditions is a useful strategy to support a reasonable and realistic commitment to WF reduction.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Bibliography
Aldaya, M. M., & Hoekstra, A. Y. (2010). The water needed for Italians to eat pasta and pizza. Agricultural Systems, 103(6), 351–360.
Arnold, J. G., Srinivasan, R., Muttiah, R. S., & Williams, J. R. (1998). Large area hydrologic modeling and assessment—Part I: Model development. Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 34(1), 73–89.
Botto, S. (2009). Tap Water vs. Bottled Water in a Footprint Integrated Approach. Nature Precedings http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3407/version/1.
Chapagain, A. K., & Orr, S. (2009). An improved water footprint methodology linking global consumption to local water resources: A case of Spanish tomatoes. Journal of Environmental Management, 90(2), 1219–1228.
Elias, E., Morse, S., & Belshaw, D. G. R. (1998). Nitrogen and phosphorus balances of Kindo Koisha. farms in southern Ethiopia. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 71(1–3), 93–113.
Ercin, A. E., Aldaya, M. M. & Hoekstra, A. Y. (2009). A Pilot in Corporate Water Footprint Accounting and Impact Assessment: The Water Footprint of a Sugar-Containing Carbonated Beverage. Value of water research report series no. 39, UNESCO-IHE.
FAO. (1992). Martin Smith (ed.), CROPWAT: A Computer Program for Irrigation Planning and Management, Irrigation and Drainage Paper 46, Roma.
Flörke, M., & Alcamo, J. (2004). European outlook on water use (p. 83). Kassel: Final report, Center for Environmental Systems Research.
Li, C., & Nwokoli, S. U. (2010). Investigating the water footprint of Tetra Pak Carton Economy’s Beverage Portfolio. Vatten, 66, 113–124.
Petrovic, A. M. (1995). The impact of soil type and precipitation on pesticide and nutrient leaching from fairway turf. USGA Green Section Record, 33(1), 38–41.
Smaling, E. M. A., Stoorvogel, J. J., & Windmeijer, P. N. (1993). Calculating soil nutrient balance in Africa at different scales. Fertilizer Research, 35(3), 237–250.
Acknowledgments
Thanks to the staff of Mutti SpA and WWF Italy for their cooperation in this work.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Santini, M., Valentini, R. (2015). Calculating the Water Footprint of an Agri-Food Company’s Supply Chain: The Mutti Case. In: Antonelli, M., Greco, F. (eds) The Water We Eat. Springer Water. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16393-2_18
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16393-2_18
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-16392-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-16393-2
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)