Abstract
ADP-ribosylation is a post-translational modification in which a target protein becomes modified with monomeric, short chains, or long branching chains of ADP-ribose (ADPR). The process can be carried out by a number of ADP-ribosyltransferases and polymerases (ADP-RTs and PARPs) and the consequences of ribosylation are as diverse and heterogeneous as the products that are formed. In mammalian cells, only three PARPs bind to DNA, and their activity is stimulated by DNA ends. A number of roles for these three PARPs have been characterised, including several functions in DNA repair. The known repertoire of ADPR-binding proteins is vastly expanding, meaning that ribosylation increases the rate and complexity of ways in which DNA is repaired by a number of different ways.
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Thanks to Nigel Brissett for assistance with structural figures.
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Rulten, S., Dantzer, F., Caldecott, K. (2015). The Role of PARPs in DNA Strand Break Repair. In: Curtin, N., Sharma, R. (eds) PARP Inhibitors for Cancer Therapy. Cancer Drug Discovery and Development, vol 83. Humana Press, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14151-0_3
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