Skip to main content

Medical Specialties’ View of Autonomic System Measurements

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Clinical Autonomic Dysfunction

Abstract

This short chapter presents the seminal articles that provide the basis for the patients for whom Autonomic Assessment is recommended. The articles are from the medical leadership, including the American Academy of Family Practitioners, American Academy of Neurology, American Diabetes Association, and American Heart Association. The articles identify which diseases or disorders lead to autonomic neuropathy. We know that autonomic neuropathy is late in the progression and leaves few therapy options. We know that autonomic dysfunction is treatable, but is asymptomatic. Therefore, the leadership articles lead to the conclusion that the disease or disorder itself is the “symptom” indicating the need for autonomic assessment. This avoids the issue of screening. So, as long as the patient has been diagnosed with a chronic condition that is identified in the literature as leading to autonomic neuropathy, then they are recommended for periodic Autonomic Assessment.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 149.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 199.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Low PA and the Therapeutics and Technology Assessment Subcommittee Assessment. Clinical autonomic testing report of the therapeutics and technology assessment subcommittee of the American Academy of neurology. Neurology. 1996;46:873–80.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Holman RR, Paul SK, Bethel MA, Matthews DR, Neil HA. 10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2008;359:1577–89.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Goldstein DS. Cardiac sympathetic neuroimaging to distinguish multiple system atrophy from Parkinson disease. Clin Auton Res. 2001;11(6):341–2.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Goldstein DS. Dysautonomia in Parkinson’s disease: neurocardiological abnormalities. Lancet Neurol. 2003;2(11):669–76.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Goldstein DS. Cardiac denervation in patients with Parkinson disease. Cleve Clin J Med. 2007;74 Suppl 1:S91–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Bloomfield DM, Kaufman ES, Bigger Jr JT, Fleiss J, Rolnitzky L, Steinman R. Passive head-up tilt and actively standing up produce similar overall changes in autonomic balance. Am Heart J. 1997;134(2 Pt 1):316–20.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Grundy SM, Benjamin IJ, Burke GL, Chait A. AHA scientific statement: diabetes and cardiovascular disease, a statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 1999;100:1134–46.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Joint Editorial Statement by the American Diabetes Association, The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, The Juvenile Diabetes Foundation International, The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, The American Heart Association. Diabetes mellitus: a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Circulation. 1999;100:1132–3.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Vinik AI, Maser RE, Mitchell BD, Freeman R. Diabetic autonomic neuropathy. Diabetes Care. 2003;26(5):1553–79.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Maser R, Mitchell B, Vinik AI, Freeman R. The association between cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy and mortality in individuals with diabetes, a meta analysis. Diabetes Care. 2003;26(6):1895–901.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Boulton AJM, Vinik AI, Arrezzo JC, Bril V, Feldman EI, Freeman R, Malik RA, Maser RE, Sosenko JM, Ziegler D. Diabetic neuropathies: a statement by the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care. 2005;28(4):956–62.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in diabetes – 2008. Diabetes Care. 2008;31 Suppl 1:S12–54.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in diabetes – 2013. Diabetes Care. 2013;36 Suppl 1:S11–66.

    Article  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  14. Vinik AI, Maser RE, Ziegler D. Neuropathy. The crystal ball for cardiovascular disease. Diabetes Care. 2010;33(7):1688–90.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Pop-Busui R, Evans GW, Gerstein HC, Fonseca V, Fleg JL, Hoogwerf BJ, Genuth MS, Grimm RH, Corson MA, Prineas R, The ACCORD Study Group. Effects of cardiac autonomic dysfunction on mortality risk in the action to control cardiovascular risk in diabetes (ACCORD) trial. Diabetes Care. 2010;33:1578–84.

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33). Lancet. 1998;352:837–53.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Calles-Escandon J, Lovato L, Simons-Morton D, Kendell D, Pop-Busui R, Cohen R, Bonds D, Fonseca V, Ismail-Beigi F, Banerji M, Failor A, Hamilton B. Effect of intensive compared with standard glycemia treatment strategies on mortality by baseline subgroup characteristics. Diabetes Care. 2010;33:721–7.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Patel A, MacMahon S, Chalmers J, Neal B, Billot L, Woodward M, Marre M, Cooper M, Glasziou P, Grobbee D, Hamet P, Harrap S, Heller S, Liu L, Marcia G, Mogensen CE, Pan C, Poulter N, Rodgers A, Williams B, Bompoint S, de Galan BE, Joshi R, Travert F. Intensive blood glucose control and vascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2008;358:2560–72.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Duckworth W, Abraira C, Mortiz T, Reda D, Emanuele N, Reaven PD, Zieve FJ, Marks J, Davis SN, McCarren M, Vitek ME, Henderson WG, Huang GD. Glucose control and vascular complications in veterans with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2009;360:129–39.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Young LH, Wackers FJ, Chyun DA, Davey JA, Barrett EJ, Taillefer R, Heller GV, Iskandrian AE, Wittlin SD, Filipchuk N, Ratner RE, Inzucchi SE. Cardiac outcomes after screening for asymptomatic coronary artery disease in patients with type 2 diabetes: the DIAD study: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2009;301:1547–55.

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Gaede P, Vedel P, Larsen N, Jensen GV, Parving HH, Pedersen O. Multifactorial intervention and cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2003;348:383–93.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in diabetes – 2010. Diabetes Care. 2010;33 Suppl 1:S11–61.

    Article  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  23. Ziegler D, Gries F. Alpha-lipoic acid and the treatment of diabetic peripheral autonomic cardiac neuropathy. Diabetes. 1997;46 Suppl 2:S62–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Prendergast JJ. Diabetic autonomic neuropathy: part 1. Early detection. Pract Diabetol. 2001;20(1):7–14.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Prendergast JJ. Diabetic autonomic neuropathy: part 2. Treatment. Pract Diabetol. 2001;20(2):30–6.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Ziegler D, Ametov A, Barinov A, Dyck PJ, Gurieva I, Low PA, Munzel U, Yakhno N, Raz I, Novosadova M, Maus J, Samigullin R. Oral treatment with alpha-lipoic acid improves symptomatic diabetic polyneuropathy: the SYDNEY 2 trial. Diabetes Care. 2006;29(11):2365–70.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Ametov AS, Barinov A, Dyck PJ, Hermann R, Kozlova N, Litchy WJ, Low PA, Nehrdich D, Novosadova M, O’Brien PC, Reljanovic M, Samigullin R, Schuette K, Strokov I, Tritschler HJ, Wessel K, Yakhno N, Ziegler D, SYDNEY Trial Study Group. The sensory symptoms of diabetic polyneuropathy are improved with alpha-lipoic acid. The SYDNEY trial. Diabetes Care. 2003;26(3):770–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Ziegler D, Low PA, Litchy WJ, Boulton AJM, Vinik AI, Freeman R, NATHAN 1 Trial Group. Efficacy and safety of antioxidant treatment with α-lipoic acid over 4 years in diabetic polyneuropathy. Diabetes Care. 2011;34:2054–60.

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Aring AM, Jones DE, Falko JM. Evaluation and prevention of diabetic neuropathy. Am Fam Physician. 2005;71:2123–30.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Vinik AI, Maser RE, Nakave AA. Diabetic cardiovascular autonomic nerve dysfunction. U S Endocr Dis. 2007;2:2–9.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Vinik A, Ziegler D. Diabetic cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy. Circulation. 2007;115:387–97.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Low PA, Engstrom JW. Disorders of the autonomic nervous system. In: Harrison’s principles of internal medicine. 16th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, USA; 2003.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Colombo, J., Arora, R., DePace, N.L., Vinik, A.I. (2015). Medical Specialties’ View of Autonomic System Measurements. In: Clinical Autonomic Dysfunction. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07371-2_11

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07371-2_11

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-07370-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-07371-2

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics