Abstract
HIV-1 cell-free infection has been thoroughly investigated; however, its relevance and importance in vitro are questionable. Cell-cell transmission is now thought to be the dominant mode of transmission within the host; however precise molecular details remain elusive. The considerable potency of cell-cell transmission hinges upon its ability to hijack and manipulate host immunological function to target uninfected cells, along with overcoming restriction factors and increasing the speed of latent pool formation. Another question of relevance is virus induced cell-cell fusion and how this process is regulated. How often HIV-1 induces the formation of syncytia? Is cell-cell function a potential process for HIV-1 transmission? These questions are discussed and reviewed together with a description of the most common ways of HIV-1 entry and transinfection.
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Acknowledgments
We thank all members of the Padilla-Parra lab for valuable discussions and criticism of the paper. This work has been supported by the European Research Council (ERC-2019-CoG-863869 FUSION to S.P.-P.).
Author Contributions
Conceptualization, S.P.-P.; writing—original draft preparation, T.S.; writing—review and editing, T.S. and S.P.-P.; visualization, T.S.; supervision, S.P.-P.; project administration, S.P.-P.; funding acquisition, S.P.-P. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the paper.
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The authors declare no competing interests.
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© 2024 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
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Starling, T., Padilla-Parra, S. (2024). HIV-1 Induced Cell-to-Cell Fusion or Syncytium Formation. In: Kloc, M., Uosef, A. (eds) Syncytia: Origin, Structure, and Functions. Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation, vol 71. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-37936-9_15
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-37936-9_15
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