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Xenobiotics in the Urban Water Cycle

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Xenobiotics in Urban Ecosystems

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Abstract

Xenobiotics in urban water are an indicator substance of anthropogenic impact on urban water systems. The most common xenobiotics reported in urban water system are xenobiotics in personal care products, industrial products, pesticide formulations, heavy metals, petroleum products, perfluorinated compounds, etc. These xenobiotics are highly toxic in nature and bioaccumulate in the human body and other biotic forms. The highest media transfer of xenobiotics to urban water is from household waste/wastewater, which is followed by wastes from construction and agricultural activities, vehicular emissions, and industrial discharges. Xenobiotics in urban water are one of the major contributors for xenobiotic contamination of surface water, groundwater, and even soil. Hence, there is a need for assessing the different sources, types, concentration, and destiny of xenobiotics in urban water cycle for suggesting a proper mitigation measures. This chapter explores the various sources of xenobiotics in water cycle and its types, concentration, and destiny in the urban water cycle. This chapter discusses the source and translocation of xenobiotics in urban water cycle under the different categories of xenobiotics like pharmaceutical and personal care products, pesticides, petroleum hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, and other xenobiotics, such as perfluorinated compounds, brominated flame retardants (BFRs), phthalates, perfluorinated compounds (PFCs), benzophenones, and some phenols (such as bisphenol A and parabens). This chapter also explores the toxicological effect of xenobiotics and finally the future research prospective.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre for Clean Environment, Vellore Institute of Technology University, Vellore, Tamilnadu, India

    Greeshma Odukkathil

  2. Department of Microbiology, Vels Institute of Science, Technology & Advanced Studies, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India

    Karuvelan Murugan

  3. Clarivate, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India

    Dhanesh Kumar Chalunkal Lambodharan

  4. Centre for Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India

    Namasivayam Vasudevan

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  1. Greeshma Odukkathil
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  2. Karuvelan Murugan
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  3. Dhanesh Kumar Chalunkal Lambodharan
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  4. Namasivayam Vasudevan
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Correspondence to Greeshma Odukkathil .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India

    Rishikesh Singh

  2. Department of Environmental Studies, PGDAV College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India

    Pardeep Singh

  3. Department of Botany, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India

    Sachchidanand Tripathi

  4. Department of Forestry, Wildlife & Environmental Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Central University, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India

    K. K. Chandra

  5. Department of Environmental Studies, Delhi College of Arts and Commerce University of Delhi, New Delhi, Delhi, India

    Rahul Bhadouria

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Odukkathil, G., Murugan, K., Lambodharan, D.K.C., Vasudevan, N. (2023). Xenobiotics in the Urban Water Cycle. In: Singh, R., Singh, P., Tripathi, S., Chandra, K.K., Bhadouria, R. (eds) Xenobiotics in Urban Ecosystems. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-35775-6_2

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