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Genome Editing: Mechanism and Utilization in Plant Breeding

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Advanced Crop Improvement, Volume 1

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Abstract

Advances in genome editing technologies have opened new horizons and empowered scientists to make desired amends in the plant genomes. With the advent of prokaryote-derived editing technology, known as clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated protein (Cas), site-specific manipulation in the genome of a crop is feasible with more robustness, precision, and specificity. Owing to its unparallel programmability, various agro-economical aspects for crop improvement such as increasing yield, disease resistance, crop quality and herbicide resistance have been addressed. Combining the genome editing approach with conventional breeding has further paved the way toward the fast-track acquisition of required traits in crops. Recently, various breeding approaches have been developed that target reproduction-associated genes using CRISPR-Cas systems. Among these approaches are haploid induction, development of male sterile lines, hybrid vigor fixation, and manipulation of self-incompatibility in crops. Furthermore, due to CRISPR-Cas technology, de novo domestication of the orphan crops has emerged. The main focus of this chapter will be genome editing platforms, stable and transient plant transformation techniques, different approaches that are utilized to improve crop production and recent trends emerging as a result of adaptation of CRISPR-Cas systems in plant breeding.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Constituent College of Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Faisalabad, Pakistan

    Muhammad Jawad Akbar Awan, Naveed Anjum, Komal Pervaiz, Muhammad Usman Ijaz, Muhammad Zuhaib Khan, Imran Amin & Shahid Mansoor

  2. Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany

    Komal Pervaiz & Muhammad Usman Ijaz

  3. International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan

    Shahid Mansoor

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  1. Muhammad Jawad Akbar Awan
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Mutation Breeding Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Aamir Raina

  2. Department of Botany, Abdul Ahad Azad Memorial Degree College Bemina, Cluster University, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India

    Mohammad Rafiq Wani

  3. Department of Botany, Pandit Deendayal Upadhyaya Adarsha Mahavidyalaya (PDUAM), Eraligool, Karimganj, Assam, India

    Rafiul Amin Laskar

  4. Molecular Biology Laboratory, Maritsa Vegetable Crops Research Institute Agricultural Academy, Plovdiv, Bulgaria

    Nasya Tomlekova

  5. Mutation Breeding Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Samiullah Khan

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Awan, M.J.A. et al. (2023). Genome Editing: Mechanism and Utilization in Plant Breeding. In: Raina, A., Wani, M.R., Laskar, R.A., Tomlekova, N., Khan, S. (eds) Advanced Crop Improvement, Volume 1. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-28146-4_16

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