Abstract
Viruses are organisms that invade cells of living beings to reproduce. They consist of nucleic acids, RNA, underlying proteins, and a protective membrane. Their life cycle comprises three main stages: (1) penetration of a cell, (2) introduction of their genome generating new viruses, and (3) release of replicated viruses to the external cellular space for further infection propagation. Imaging techniques provide an important tool for understanding these mechanisms. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is one of the main tools utilized for this purpose. TEM investigations impose environmental limitations on the observation conditions. To get images of viruses, a TEM requires freezing the virus at extremely low temperatures. The bulk of TEM images are limited to 2D; for 3D images, TEM holography is available but poses additional difficulties and costs. A nano-microscope is being developed by the authors with resolution limits in the same range as a TEM. The nano-microscope can be utilized to observe viruses under environmental conditions in the range of biological entities and enables 3D dynamic observations.
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Sciammarella, C.A., Lamberti, L., Santoro, L., Sciammarella, F.M., Sciammarella, E. (2023). Innovations in Super-Resolution Microscopy. In: Lin, MT., Furlong, C., Hwang, CH., Naraghi, M., DelRio, F. (eds) Advancements in Optical Methods, Digital Image Correlation & Micro-and Nanomechanics, Volume 4. SEM 2022. Conference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17471-1_1
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