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Pediatric Neurogastroenterology pp 21–41Cite as

Development of Gut Motility

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Abstract

Coordinated movements of the gastrointestinal tract are regulated by multiple control systems including the enteric nervous system, extrinsic neurons, epithelial cells, interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC), platelet-derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFRα)-expressing cells, and myogenic mechanisms. Studies using laboratory animals have shown that enteric neurons develop early, but the first gastrointestinal motility patterns are myogenic, and not neurally mediated. Nevertheless, contractile activity mediated by neurons is prominent by birth, and required for propulsion of content as is evident from the bowel obstruction proximal to the aganglionic region in infants with Hirschsprung disease and in animal models of this disease. ICC development requires signaling via the tyrosine kinase receptor, Kit. Studies in preterm and term humans have shown that esophageal peristalsis and sphincter function mature during the late fetal and early postnatal stages. Maturation continues to advance beyond birth with improvement in the characteristics of sensory-motor aspects of reflexes, coordination and integration with other organ systems. However, little is known about the maturation and adaptation of motility in the small and large bowel of human infants.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    In the field of gastrointestinal motility, the term “myogenic” has been used to describe contractile activity generated by ICC as well as muscle cells, but here we use the term myogenic to refer to contractions specifically originating from the muscle cells themselves.

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Acknowledgments

We are grateful to the Jadcherla Lab for their assistance with this chapter.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia

    Jaime P. P. Foong, Heather M. Young & Joel C. Bornstein

  2. Discipline of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia

    Elizabeth A. Beckett

  3. Division of Neonatology, Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Public Health, Columbus, OH, USA

    Sudarshan R. Jadcherla

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  1. Jaime P. P. Foong
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  2. Elizabeth A. Beckett
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  3. Heather M. Young
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  5. Joel C. Bornstein
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Correspondence to Joel C. Bornstein .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada

    Christophe Faure

  2. Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Liver Transplant, Queensland Children’s Hospital School of Medicine University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia

    Nikhil Thapar

  3. Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA

    Carlo Di Lorenzo

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Foong, J.P.P., Beckett, E.A., Young, H.M., Jadcherla, S.R., Bornstein, J.C. (2022). Development of Gut Motility. In: Faure, C., Thapar, N., Di Lorenzo, C. (eds) Pediatric Neurogastroenterology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15229-0_3

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