Abstract
Volume and electrolyte requirements vary significantly between pediatric patients and can change rapidly. Volume, electrolyte, and acid-base disturbances can be life threatening and affect multiple organ systems. Here we provide a practical approach to assessment and management of the more common disorders. Serial assessment and measurements of electrolytes and pH are critical, particularly when actively correcting abnormalities. With acute changes in electrolytes, or when life-threatening symptoms exist, rapid correction is needed; otherwise, gradual correction is often safer and well tolerated.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Further Reading
Andersen C, Afshari A. Impact of perioperative hyponatremia in children: a narrative review. World J Crit Care Med. 2014;3(4):95–101.
Carandang F, Anglemyer A, Longhurst CA, et al. Association between maintenance fluid tonicity and hospital-acquired hyponatremia. J Pediatr. 2013;163:1646.
Choong K, Arora S, Cheng J, et al. Hypotonic versus isotonic maintenance fluids after surgery for children: a randomized controlled trial. Pediatrics. 2011;128:857.
Friedman A. Fluid and electrolyte therapy: a primer. Pediatr Nephrol. 2010;25:843–6.
Hsu BS, Lakhani SA, Wilhelm M. Acid-base disorders. Pediatr Rev. 2016;37(9):361–9. https://doi.org/10.1542/pir.2015-0093.
Kromah F, Tyroch A, McLean S, Hughes H, Flavin N, Lee S. Relative adrenal insufficiency in the critical care setting: debunking the classic myth. World J Surg. 2011;35(8):1818–23.
Wang J, Xu E, Xiao Y. Isotonic versus hypotonic maintenance IV fluids in hospitalized children: a meta-analysis. Pediatrics. 2014;133:105.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Brown, D., Wilhelm, M. (2022). Electrolyte Abnormalities. In: Mattei, P. (eds) Fundamentals of Pediatric Surgery. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07524-7_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07524-7_11
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-07523-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-07524-7
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)